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SEM VI - RAD REVIEW > Other Items > Flashcards

Other Items Flashcards

1
Q

Ligaments connect

A

bone to bone

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2
Q

Rad x quality factor =

A

rem

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3
Q

Low humidity -

A

causes static

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4
Q

Polyps are best visualized on

A

a double contrast barium enema

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5
Q

Size of filament wire and angle of anode -

A

will have an effect on the size of the effective focal spot

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6
Q

You cannot clean CR plates with water because

A

it will discolor

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7
Q

Reticulation and crinkle mark -

A

processing error

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8
Q

Ethmoid is a bone of the

A

skull (not a facial bone)

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9
Q

Ileus -

A

small bowel obstruction

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10
Q

Pneumothorax -

A

air in the pleural space

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11
Q

Sternum shot at

A

30” SID (shallow breathing and shallow oblique 15-20 degrees)

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12
Q

Harrington rods are commonly used to

A

correct scoliosis

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13
Q

Penetration =

A

KVP

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14
Q

Exposure =

A

mAs

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15
Q

Parenterally -

A

through the skin

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16
Q

AEC system can only make an image darker by -

A

increasing the density control (adjusting the MAS will not do anything - AEC will adjust to same)

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17
Q

The tibia has a medial and lateral

A

condyle

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18
Q

If given a question with mA and S separately,

A

do the multiplication to get mAs then re look at the problem (such as comparing doses)

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19
Q

It takes a change of at least 30% in radiographic density

A

for the human eye to determine difference

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20
Q

Lateral rotation elbow -

A

shows radial head free of imposition

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21
Q

Characteristic -

A

collision

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22
Q

Fixed KVP

A

+/- 20% MAS/CM

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23
Q

Variable KVP

A

+/- 2kvp per CM

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24
Q

Relative Speed Formula -

A

mas1/mas2 = RS2/RS1 (indirect)

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25
Q

Grid Conversion Formula -

A

mas1/mas2 = gcf1/gcf2 (direct)

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26
Q

Density Maintenence Formula -

A

mas1/mas2 = D1^2/D2^2 (direct)

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27
Q

If given an object size, multiply this by the magnification factor

A

To determine ?

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28
Q

Magnification factor -

A

SID/SOD

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29
Q

rectification factor -

A

KVP x MA x S x RF (measured in heat units)

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30
Q

1/2 wave (self rectified) =

A

60 pulses, 100% ripple, 1.0 rectification factor

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31
Q

full wave =

A

120 pulses, 100% ripple, 1.0 rectification factor

32
Q

3 phase 6 pulse =

A

360 pulses, 13-14% ripple, 1.35 rectification factor

33
Q

3 phase 12 pulse =

A

720 pulses, 3-4% ripple, 1.35 rectification factor

34
Q

high frequency =

A

???? pulses, 1% ripple. 1.41 rectification factor

35
Q

spinning top test -

A

checks timer accuracy for 1/2 wave or full wave machines only

36
Q

synchronous spinning top -

A

used for 3 phase or high frequency to test timer accuracy, measures the degree of arc

37
Q

Grid used for portable can be no more than

A

5 or 6:1; low ratio

38
Q

Grids control

A

contrast (and KVP does also)

39
Q

grid cutoff -

A

Grid cutoff occurs when the x-ray tube is centered to one side of the grid rather than to the focal center line. Cutoff also occurs when the x-ray tube is angled toward one side of the gird, rather than perpendicular to its center. The same effect is encountered if the grid is tipped side to side in relation to the primary beam.

40
Q

Wedge filter -

A

example of compensating filter

41
Q

stereoradiograph -

A

3D image produced by 2 angled views of the same structure.

42
Q

Crossed grids -

A

lead lines running in two directions

43
Q

developer temperature -

A

90-95 degrees

44
Q

Grid should be used when KVP Exceeds -

A

60 KVP

45
Q

proliferation -

A

To grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue, parts, cells, or offspring; To increase or spread at a rapid rate

46
Q

TLD -

A

lithium flouride

47
Q

MAs triangle

A

mA | S

MA x s = mAs
To get mA divide mAs/s
To get S divide mAs/mA

48
Q

Flat panel detector (DR imaging plate)

A

Takes the place of cassettes and readers;

3 different types: teathered (w/cord); fixed ( mounted in Bucky); wireless (muses radio signal from FPD base)

49
Q

Xray emission spectrum

A

A serf xray frequencies emitted by a target in an X-ray tube.

50
Q

Rectifier

A

A device that converts AC to DC

51
Q

A sensitometric curve will tell you all the properties of the film in question except

A

Spectral sensitivity

52
Q

The portion of the sensitometric curve that represents maximum optical density is

A

D-max

53
Q

The portion of the sensitometric curve that represents minimum optical density is

A

Base + fog

54
Q

Barium as a contrast is contraindicated when

A

Perforated bowel

55
Q

Positive contrast media

A

Iodine/barium

Temporarily make the anatomy more dense than normal.

56
Q

Film latitude

A

The margin for technique error for a given film

57
Q

The margin for technique error is

A

Latitude

58
Q

A thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)badge uses

A

Lithium fluoride

59
Q

Density

A

Overall image blackness

60
Q

Window level

A

Adjusts the overall optical density (aka brightness)

Raising = increase in overall density

Lowering = decrease in overall density

61
Q

Window level

A

The exact center of the window selected, controls digital image brightness (density)

62
Q

Window width

A

Changes the range of gray tones
Increasing = longer scale of contrast (low contrast)
Decreasing = shorter scale of contrast (high contrast)

63
Q

The standard formula for calculating an air gap technique instead of a grid

A

10% of the SID

64
Q

Edge enhancement

A

Computer looks for areas of common pixel signal strength across the matrix, which are then averaged and amplified to the area of interest and other tissues suppressed resulting in decreased contrast.
Potential for loss of detail/quantum mottle

65
Q

The factor which has primary control of image contrast

A

KVP

66
Q

Xray intensity

A

KVP and filtration

67
Q

Inverse square law

A

The intensity of the beam is inversely proportional to the squad of the distance

I1 (d2)2 / I2 (d1)2

68
Q

When the xray beam or IR is misaligned =

A

Elongation

69
Q

When the body part is misaligned =

A

Foreshortening

70
Q

A high signal to noise ratio indicates

A

Little noise

71
Q

A low signal to noise ratio indicates

A

Lots of noise

72
Q

Spatial resolution

A

Ability to visualize small objects

Field of view/matrix size

lp/mm

73
Q

Small pixels =

A

Better spatial resolution

74
Q

Density is referred to as ? In digital imaging

A

Brightness

75
Q

Tendons fasten

A

muscle to bone

76
Q

Charge coupled device

A

???

77
Q

gastrografin versus barium

A

???

SEM VI - RAD REVIEW (8 decks)

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