other reproductive cancers

Question 1

what is a germ cell tumour?

Answer 1

• 15-20% of all ovarian tumours
• Tertatoma
• Rarely becomes malignant – somatic malignancy e.g. SCC, thyroid ca
• Immature teratoma (embryonic tissues – rare)

Question 2

what is a mature germ cell tumour like?

Answer 2

Mature (benign, cystic) ‘dermoid cyst’ 
o	95% of germ cell tumours 
o	Cystic, containing sebum and hair 
o	Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm 
o	Skin, respiratory epithelium, gut, fat common

Question 3

what are the other types of germ cell tumours which aren’t dermoid cysts?

Answer 3

Immature teratoma 
Dysgerminoma – most common malignant primitive germ cell tumour (1-2% of all malignant ovarian tumours) 
Yolk sac tumour 
Choriocarcinoma 
Mixed germ cell tumour

Question 4

what are the types of sex cord/stromal tumours?

Answer 4

fibroma/thecoma
granulosa cell tumour
sertoli-Leydig cell tumours

Question 5

what are the properties of a fibroma/thecoma?

Answer 5

benign

may produce oestrogen causing uterine bleeding

Question 6

what are the properties of a granulosa cell tumour?

Answer 6

all are potentially malignant

may be associated with oestrogenic manifestations

Question 7

what are the properties of Sertoli-Leydif cell tumours?

Answer 7

rare

may produce androgens

Question 8

how is vulval cancer managed?

Answer 8

wide local excision

+/- groin node dissection