outcome 2

Question 1

puberty

Answer 1

the time signifying the end of childhood and during which significant changes to the way an individual’s body structure and functions occur in terms of skeletal and sexual maturation

Question 2

primary sexual characteristic

Answer 2

characteristics that develop during puberty related to the development of the sex organs and reproductive system of males and females, enabling them to reproduce

Question 3

secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 3

characteristics that develop during puberty that indicate sexual maturity but are not related to the person’s ability to reproduce

Question 4

examples of male primary sex characteristic

Answer 4

enlargement of the testes, thinning and reddening of the scrotum, penis growth in length and thickness, vas deferens develops, prostate glands begin to generate fluid

Question 5

examples of female primary sex characteristic

Answer 5

menstrual cycle; vagina, uterus and fallopian tubes mature

Question 6

examples of male secondary sex characteristic

Answer 6

voice break and deepen, facial and body (underarm & pubic) hair, more muscular

Question 7

examples of female secondary sex characteristic

Answer 7

breast development, widening of hips and thighs, pubic and underarm hair

Question 8

growth spurt in females

Answer 8

age 10-13. gain 16kg and 16cm

Question 9

growth spurt in males

Answer 9

age 12-15. gain 20kg and 20cm

Question 10

hormone

Answer 10

a chemical substance produced by the body that acts to regulate and control a wide range of body processes, including physical growth and development

Question 11

growth hormone (GH) function, gland released from and sit acts on

Answer 11

controls growth, stimulates growth of muscles, organs and cells
pituitary gland
all cells of the body

Question 12

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) function, gland released from and sit acts on

Answer 12

males: stimulates production of sperm in testes; females: stimulates ovum (egg) maturation in ovaries
pituitary gland
gonads

Question 13

luteinising hormone (LH) function, gland released from and sit acts on

Answer 13

males: stimulates production of testosterone; females: increase in this hormone causes ovulation (release of ovum from ovary)
pituitary gland
gonads

Question 14

testosterone function, gland released from and sit acts on

Answer 14

males: stimulates sperm production and is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics
testes
testes; changes in body during puberty

Question 15

oestrogen function, gland released from and sit acts on

Answer 15

females: responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics; also plays a role in the menstrual cycle
ovaries
menstrual cycle; changes in body during puberty

Question 16

progesterone function, gland released from and sit acts on

Answer 16

female: stimulates the growth of the endometrium (lining of the uterus
ovaries
uterus

Question 17

biological determinant

Answer 17

factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels

Question 18

ways to measure body weight

Answer 18

BMI & waist circumference

Question 19

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 19

a formula to assess body weight in relation to height; weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2)

Question 20

waist circumference

Answer 20

the circumference of the waist at the belly button; indicator of amounts of visceral fat around the organs

Question 21

physical impacts of obesity/overweight

Answer 21

higher risk of developing health conditions
low physical fitness
excess amounts of visceral fat

Question 22

mental impacts of obesity/overweight

Answer 22

self-esteem and self-concept issues

Question 23

social impacts of obesity/overweight

Answer 23

social marginalisation
difficulty making friends
withdrawal from regular activities

Question 24

diseases and conditions obesity/overweight is a risk factor for

Answer 24

asthma
type 2 diabetes
cardiovascular disease
high blood pressure
osteoarthritis
coronary heart disease

Question 25

health status

Answer 25

an individual's or population's overall level of health, taking into account various factors such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors

Question 26

burden of disease

Answer 26

a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. measured with DALY's

Question 27

YLD (Years Lost due to Disability)

Answer 27

a measure of how many 'healthy' years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability

Question 28

YLL (Years of Life Lost)

Answer 28

a measure of how many years of expected life is lost due to premature death

Question 29

DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Year)

Answer 29

a measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury

Question 30

life expectancy

Answer 30

an indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change

Question 31

morbidity

Answer 31

refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group

Question 32

mortality

Answer 32

the number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factors

Question 33

prevalence

Answer 33

the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time

Question 34

incidence

Answer 34

refers to the number or rate of new cases of a particular disease/condition in a population during a given period of time

Question 35

trends

Answer 35

a long-term general movement or change in frequency, usually either upwards or downwards

Question 36

steps of writing a trend

Answer 36

title, increase or decrease, data and timeframe

Question 37

leading causes of mortality for youth

Answer 37

injuries and poisoning, cancer diseases of the nervous system

Question 38

leading causes of morbidity for youth

Answer 38

mental disorders, injuries and poisoning