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HHD U1/2 > sem 1 Exam > Flashcards

sem 1 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

health

A

a state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

limitations of health definition

A

‘complete’: unachievable

absence of environmental and inherited factors

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3
Q

physical health

A

relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness

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4
Q

examples of physical health

A

fitness
healthy eating
body weight

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5
Q

mental health

A

a state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community

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6
Q

examples of mental health

A

understand and express emotions
self-esteem
deal with stress

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7
Q

social health

A

being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way

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8
Q

examples of social health

A

relationships
cooperation
accepting responsibility for actions

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9
Q

whats an interrelationship

A

how each dimension affects the other

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10
Q

youth lifespan age

A

12-18 years

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11
Q

differences between male and female development

A

females before males

males grow bigger

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12
Q

hormone

A

a chemical substance produced by the body that acts to regulate and control a wide range of body processes, including physical growth and development

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13
Q

growth hormone (GH): function, released from, acts on

A

controls / stimulates growth of all cells
pituitary
all cells

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14
Q

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): function, released from, acts on

A

males: production of sperm; females: ovum maturation in ovaries
pituitary
gonads

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15
Q

lutenising hormone (LH): function, released from, acts on

A

males: production of testosterone; females: causes ovulation
pituitary
gonads

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16
Q

testosterone: function, released from, acts on

A

sperm production, secondary sex characteristics
testes
testes, body

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17
Q

oestrogen: function, released from, acts on

A

menstrual cycle, secondary sex characteristics
ovaries
female

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18
Q

progesterone: function, released from, acts on

A

females: growth of endometrium
ovaries
uterus

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19
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

characteristics that develop during puberty related to the development of the sex organs and reproductive system of males and females, enabling them to reproduce

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20
Q

examples of male primary sex characteristics

A

enlargement of the testes
thinning and reddening of scrotum
penis length growth and thickness
prostate gland begins to generate fluid

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21
Q

examples of female primary sex characteristics

A

menstrual cycle

vagina, uterus and fallopian tubes mature

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22
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

characteristics that develop during puberty that indicate sexual maturity but are not related to the persons ability to reproduce

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23
Q

examples of male secondary sex characteristics

A

voice break and deepen
facial and body hair
more muscular

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24
Q

examples of female secondary sex characteristics

A

breast development
widening of hips and thighs
pubic and underarm hair

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25
ovary
stores ova (egg) until they have matured; will release a mature ovum at the time of ovulation; produces oestrogen and progesterone
26
uterus
provides a suitable environment for the implication of a fertilised egg
27
fallopian tube
connects to the uterus; draws in the ovum at the time of ovulation and carries it to the uterus; the site where fertilisation takes place
28
cervix
opening at the end of the vagina that leads into the uterus
29
vagina
muscular passage that connects the uterus to the outside of the body
30
penis
male sex organ; used to transport urine from the bladder and also used to transport semen to the outside of the body
31
testicle
rests in the scrotum and produces sperm and testosterone
32
epididymis
part of the testicle that holds maturing sperm until needed for ejaculation
33
vas deferens
tubes that carry mature sperm to be ejaculated
34
prostate gland
gland that releases secretions vital for production of semen for ejaculation
35
seminal vesicle
produces seminal fluid which combines with sperm to form semen
36
urethra
tube that runs the length of the penis that carries urine and sperm to the outside of the body
37
biological determinant
factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels
38
physical impacts of underweight
weakened immune system lack energy difficultly exercising, reduced fitness undernutrition
39
social impacts of underweight
withdrawal from regular activities | bullied
40
mental impacts of underweight
self-esteem | self-worth
41
physical impacts of overweight
higher risk of developing health conditions (asthma, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease) low physical fitness visceral fat back and knee pain
42
social impacts of overweight
social marginalisation difficulty making friends withdrawal from regular activities bullied
43
mental impacts of overweight
self-esteem | self-worth
44
health status
an individual's or population's overall level of health, taking into account various factors such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors
45
burden of disease
a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease or disability. Burden od disease is measure in DALY's
46
YLD (years lost due to disability)
a measure of how many 'healthy' years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability
47
YLL (years of life lost)
a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
48
DALY (disability adjusted life year)
a measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost to premature death and time lived with an illness, disease or injury
49
life expectancy
an indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change
50
morbidity
refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group
51
mortality
the number of deaths caused by particular disease, illness or other environmental factor
52
prevalence
the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition in a population during a given period of time
53
incidence
refers to the number of or rate of new cases of a particular disease or condition in a population during a given period of time
54
trend
a long-term general movement or change in frequency, usually either upwards or downwards
55
leading causes of mortality for youth
injuries and poisoning cancer diseases of the nervous system
56
leading causes of morbidity for youth
mental disorders | injuries and poisoning
57
carbohydrates function
provide fuel for energy | exercise
58
carbohydrates food source
good: potatoes, rice bad: soft drink, lollies
59
fats function
fuel for energy (energy dense) mono, poly (good): lowering LDL cholesterol, reduce risk of cardiovascular saturated, trans (bad): increases LDL cholesterol, contributes to cardiovascular
60
monounsaturated fats food source
olive oil | avocado
61
polyunsaturated fats food source
omega 3: fish, canola oil | omega 6: nuts, seed
62
saturated fats food source
fatty meat | full cream milk
63
trans fats food source
processed foods
64
calcium function
required for building bone and other hard tissue | increases bone density
65
calcium food source
dairy: milk, cheese, yoghurt | sardines, salmon
66
iron function
essential part of blood: 'heam': carry oxygen | low levels cause anaemia
67
iron food sources
lean red meat turkey and chicken eggs
68
fibre function
'cleaner' for digestive system
69
fibre food source
grains seeds raw vegetables
70
short term consequences of not consuming enough fibre
not absorbing water through fibre, bowel control issues | it reduces the amount of cholesterol absorbed, high cholesterol
71
long term consequences of not consuming enough fibre
develop colorectal cancer
72
food behaviour
eating outside of home: fast food | high saturated fat, salt, sugar, kilojoules and lower in fibre, vitamins and minerals
73
consequences of eating outside of home
type 2 diabetes heart disease obesity hypertension
74
behavioural determinant
actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that could impact on health such as smoking, participating in physical activity and eating practises
75
short term impacts of sun protection
sunburn: damaged skin cells | social activity increased
76
long term impacts of sun protection
development of skin cancer moles and freckles scars because mole removal
77
physical impacts of anorexia nervosa
``` weight loss muscle loss and weakness constipation reduced bone density fatigue ```
78
social impacts of anorexia nervosa
withdrawal from regular activities relationship strain strengthen relationships support groups
79
mental impacts of anorexia nervosa
low self-esteem low self-worth insecurity
80
risk factor
tends to increase the chance of developing a disease, illness or injury
81
protective factor
helps to guard against or reduce the risk of the development of a disease, illness or injury
82
risk factors for anorexia nervosa
``` genetic predisposition physical activity bullying media stress ```
83
protective factors for anorexia nervosa
balanced and nutritious diet physical activity friendships media

HHD U1/2 (8 decks)

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