Outcome Measures

Question 1

Who said: 89% of periapical lesions show some signs of healing within one yearafter NSRCT therapy, although it can take up to four years for the lesions to completely resolve?

Answer 1

Orstavik 1996

Question 2

Orstavik 1996

periapical lesions

Answer 2

89% of periapical lesions show some signs of healing within one yearafter NSRCT therapy, although it can take up to four years for the lesions to completely resolve

Question 3

Who found that the Peak incidence of healing or emerging apical periodontitis was at 1 year in both instances?

Answer 3

Orstavik 1996

Question 4

who studied 89 PARL after NSRCT and found that 18% demonstrated complete healing after 6 mos, and 71% showed complete healing at one year or longer?

Answer 4

Murphy 1991 (at vcu!)

Question 5

Murphy VCU

periapical lesions

Answer 5

studied 89 PARL after NSRCT and found that 18% demonstrated complete healing after 6 mos, and 71% showed complete healing at one year or longer?

Question 6

Who used Delta Dental records and showed that of 1.4 million initial NSRCT, 97% were retained after 8 years

Answer 6

Salehrabi and Rotstein (2004)

Question 7

Salehrabi and Rotstein 2004

prognosis

Answer 7

used Delta Dental records and showed that of 1.4 million initial NSRCT, 97% were retained after 8 years

Question 8

Who said in a systematic review that no difference in the survival rates of implants versus NSRCT (both 94%)

Answer 8

Iqbal and Kim 2007

Question 9

Iqbal and Kim 2007

prognosis

Answer 9

systematic review of 55 implant studies and 13 NSRCT studies. no difference in the survival rates of implants versus NSRCT (both 94%)

Question 10

Who said: technical quality of coronal restoration was significantly more important than the technical quality of the endodontic treatment for apical periodontal health (presence of periradicular inflammation)

Answer 10

Ray and Trope 1995

Question 11

What did Ray and Trope 1995 say was most important in whether an endodontically treated tooth ended up with periradicular inflammation?

Answer 11

technical quality of coronal restoration

Question 12

Who said teeth that were not restored with a coronal restoration were 4x more likely to undergo extraction (used insurance databases)

Answer 12

Lazarski 2001

Question 13

What did Lazarski 2001 say about the importance of a coronal restoration?

Answer 13

teeth that were not restored with a coronal restoration were 4x more likely to undergo extraction (used insurance databases)

Question 14

Who said the best indicator of post-op pain is pre-op pain?

Answer 14

Walton and Foaud 1992

Question 15

Walton and Foaud 1992

post-op pain

Answer 15

best indicator of post-op pain is pre-op pain

Question 16

Who showed no correlation between post-op pain and patient demographics or systemic conditions, number of appointments, treatment procedures, or taking antibiotics

Answer 16

Walton and Foaud 1992

Question 17

Hasselgren 1988

obliterated root canals

Answer 17

Teeth with obliterated root canals (couldn’t be obturated at least a third of the tooth, and couldn’t be seen on radiograph) had an 89% 2-12 year success rate. No PARL: 98%. PARL: 63%

Question 18

Who said: Teeth with obliterated root canals (couldn’t be obturated at least a third of the tooth, and couldn’t be seen on radiograph) had an 89% 2-12 year success rate. No PARL: 98%. PARL: 63%

Answer 18

Hasselgren 1988

Question 19

Cheung 2005

likelihood of a crowned tooth needing a root canal?

Answer 19

The survival rates for pulp vitality were 84% (single unit) and 71% (bridge) after 10 years, and 81% (single unit) and 66% (bridge) after 15 years.

Question 20

Who said: The survival rates for pulp vitality were 84.4% (single unit) and 70.8% (bridge) after 10 years, and 81.2% (single unit) and 66.2% (bridge) after 15 years.

Answer 20

Cheung 2005

Question 21

Who said: Maxillary anterior teeth used as bridge abutments had a higher rate of pulpal necrosis than any other tooth types

Answer 21

Cheung 2005

Question 22

Cheung 2005-which teeth are most likely to need root canals when used as bridge abutments?

Answer 22

Maxillary anterior teeth

Question 23

Who said that neither dehydration nor endodontic tx caused degradation of the physical or mechanical properties of dentin?

Answer 23

Huang 1991

Question 24

Huang 1991

are endo teeth more brittle?

Answer 24

neither dehydration nor endodontic tx caused degradation of the physical or mechanical properties of dentin?

Question 25

Two studies that support that endodontically treated teeth are not more brittle?

Answer 25

Huang 1991 | Sedgley and Messer 1992

Question 26

Sedgley and Messer 1992 | are endo tx'd teeth more brittle?

Answer 26

Tested the biomechanical properties of dentin from 23 endo tx'd teeth (avg. 10 year post-tx). Compared to contralateral vital teeth. Aside from a slight difference in hardness, the properties were compatible. IE Endo tx'd teeth are not more brittle!

Question 27

Why do endo tx'd teeth seem more brittle? | Reeh 1989

Answer 27

It is the loss of structural integrity associated with the access preparation, rather than changes in the dentin, that lead to a higher occurrence of fractures in endodontically treated teeth compared with vital teeth.

Question 28

Who says that it is the loss of structural integrity associated with the access preparation, rather than changes in the dentin, that lead to a higher occurrence of fractures in endodontically treated teeth compared with vital teeth.

Answer 28

Reeh 1989

Question 29

Who showed that access preparations result in greater cuspal flexure, increasing the probability of cuspal fracture?

Answer 29

Panitvisai and Messer 1995

Question 30

Panitvisai and Messer 1995

Answer 30

showed that access preparations result in greater cuspal flexure, increasing the probability of cuspal fracture

Question 31

who to quote that cuspal coverage should be provided for posterior teeth?

Answer 31

Panitvisai and Messer 1995

Question 32

Two studies to quote that the presence of a cuspal coverage restoration is one of the most significant factors in prediction of long term success?

Answer 32

Cheung 2003, | Sorensen

Question 33

Aquilino and Caplan | 2002

Answer 33

retrospective study that found that endo tx'd teeth with cuspal coverage were six times more likely to survive than those with intercoronal restorations

Question 34

who did a retrospective study that found that endo tx'd teeth with cuspal coverage were six times more likely to survive than those with intercoronal restorations

Answer 34

Aquilino and Caplan 2002

Question 35

Heydecke 2001 | posts

Answer 35

The placement of posts may increase the chances of root fracture

Question 36

Who to quote for the placement of posts may increase the chances of root fracture?

Answer 36

Heydecke 2001

Question 37

Who to quote that anterior teeth with minimal loss of tooth structure may be restored conservatively with a bonded restoration in the access opening.

Answer 37

Sorensen & Martinoff 1984

Question 38

Sorensen & Martinoff 1984 | post endo restoration?

Answer 38

anterior teeth with minimal loss of tooth structure may be restored conservatively with a bonded restoration in the access opening.

Question 39

Difference between retention and resistance?

Answer 39

Retention: the ability to withstand vertical forces Resistance: the ability to withstand lateral and rotational forces

Question 40

When is a tapered post indicated?

Answer 40

In thin roots with delicate morphology

Question 41

Who showed that there is a higher success rate with parallel than tapered posts?

Answer 41

Sorensen and Martinoff1984

Question 42

What is the adequate length for posts (according to whom?)

Answer 42

8 mm. Neagley 1969

Question 43

Why should titanium posts not be used? | Why should zirconia posts not be used?

Answer 43

Low fracture strength | Cannot be etched-so cannot be bonded to. Also, impossible to grind away if needs to be removed.

Question 44

Who said that temporary posts/crowns are not effective in preventing contamination of the root-canal system?

Answer 44

Fox1997

Question 45

Whose review article recommends that post length equal 3/4 of root canal length, or at least equal to length of the crown (but 4-5 mm of GP should remain apically to maintain an adequate seal)?

Answer 45

Goodacre and Spolnik 1995

Question 46

Goodacre and Spolnik 1995 | post length

Answer 46

review article recommends that post length equal 3/4 of root canal length, or at least equal to length of the crown. But, 4-5 mm of GP should remain apically to maintain an adequate seal.

Question 47

Who said that occlusal forces concentrate at the crest of bone during masticatory function, therefore, a post should always extend apically beyond the crest of bone?

Answer 47

Hunter 1989

Question 48

Hunter 1989 | posts?

Answer 48

occlusal forces concentrate at the crest of bone during masticatory function, therefore, a post should always extend apically beyond the crest of bone

Question 49

Two studies that conclude that the presence of a cuspal coverage restoration was the only significant variable to predict long term success:

Answer 49

Sorenson (1984) evaluateated 1273 endodontically treated teeth Aquilino & Caplan (2002) evaluated 608 teeth

Question 50

Who said only 50% of endodontically treated molars were restored with cuspal coverage restorations?

Answer 50

Scurria et al. 1995

Question 51

Who said 4 mm of chamber height is sufficient for retention?

Answer 51

kane et al. 1990

Question 52

What did Salehrabi and Rotstein find about during their delta dental NSRCT survival study about the teeth that had to be extracted?

Answer 52

85% had no full coverage

Question 53

Overall healed and functional rates for de Chevigny 2008 for NSRCT?

Answer 53

86% healed, 95% functional

Question 54

Three prognostic factors found in de Chevigny 2008 study for NSRCT?

Answer 54

Better outcome for: teeth without pre-op radiolucency without multiple roots without intraop complications

Question 55

de Chevigny 2008 healed and functional rates for NSRCT tx'd teeth with and without PARL's?

Answer 55

with PARL: 82% healed, 96% functional | without PARL: 93% healed, 94% functional

Question 56

Which different studies did Ng do on prognosis for NSRCT?

Answer 56

2007: Review of lit part 1 and 2: lit review and meta analysis 2011: Prospective study part 1: success, part 2: survival

Question 57

Who said there is a 14% decrease in success for every 1 mm increase in pre-op lesions for NSRCT studies?

Answer 57

Ng 2011

Question 58

Who can you quote that vital teeth can be obturated 2-3 mm short, but non-vital teeth need to be within 2 mm of the apex?

Answer 58

Wu, Wesselink and Walton 2000

Question 59

Ng 2011 prospective outcome study for NSRCT results

Answer 59

89% healed (loose criteria), 83% healed (strict criteria), 95% survival rate

Question 60

Ng 2007 meta-analysis outcome study for NSRCT

Answer 60

Success ranged from 68-85%

Question 61

Two general studies to quote for prognosis for NSRCT?

Answer 61

Toronto (deChevigny) prospective: 86% healed, 95% fully functional. Ng prospective 83% healed, 95% survival

Question 62

deChevigny Retreat prospective study results?

Answer 62

4-6 years after retx: 82% healed, 94% functional

Question 63

Ng. Retreat prospective study results for retreats? Meta-analysis results?

Answer 63

Prospective: 80% healed, Meta: 77% healed. Survival: 95%

Question 64

Tsesis 2006 surgery

Answer 64

Retrospective study using 3 endodontists and 3 oral surgeons. Complete healing 91% of time with modern technique, 44% with traditional.

Question 65

Who did Retrospective study using 3 endodontists and 3 oral surgeons. Complete healing 91% of time with modern technique, 44% with traditional.

Answer 65

Tsesis 2006

Question 66

Who did a meta-analysis that traditional root end had a 59% positive outcome, and modern microsurgery a 94% positive outcome?

Answer 66

Setzer 2010

Question 67

Setzer 2010 surgery

Answer 67

meta-analysis that traditional root end had a 59% positive outcome, and modern microsurgery a 94% positive outcome

Question 68

Song 2014

Answer 68

No significant difference between one and four year success rate for microsurgery (91% v. 88%).

Question 69

Who said No significant difference between one and four year success rate for microsurgery (91% v. 88%).

Answer 69

Song 2014

Question 70

Hoen 2002-extra canal?

Answer 70

In a previously treated tooth with obturation material 0.5 mm or more off center, 89% of roots had an additional canal.

Question 71

Who saidIn a previously treated tooth with obturation material 0.5 mm or more off center, 89% of roots had an additional canal?

Answer 71

Hoen 2002

Question 72

Spili 2005

Answer 72

NSD in prognosis with a separated instrument (92% v. 94%)

Question 73

What are the prognostic factors for retxs, according to De Chevigny, Friedman 2008?

Answer 73

Better if inadequate fill, no lesion, no perf

Question 74

Torbinejad 2009 outcome of retx?

Answer 74

71% at 2-4 years, 83% at 4-6 years, meta analysis shows that retx has more favorable long term outcome than surgery

Question 75

Who showed that apexification has a 91-94% success rate with MTA?

Answer 75

Witherspoon 2001

Question 76

Witherspoon 2001 described what?

Answer 76

Apexification with MTA (91 to 94% success rate).

Question 77

What is the goal of endodontic treatment?

Answer 77

Create an environment in which the body can heal itself (Cohen and Hargreaves)

Question 78

Two studies to quote that if surgery tx is preceded by non-surgical retx, prognosis will increase by 10-20%

Answer 78

Original Ostavik, more recently Zuolo

Question 79

Andreasen and Rud's 1972 four categories for judging endodontic success?

Answer 79

Complete, Incomplete (decrease in size), Uncertain (radiolucency >2x normal PDL space), Unsatisfactory

Question 80

Who came up with four categories for judging endodontic success (complete, incomplete, uncertain, unsatisfactory)?

Answer 80

Andreasen and Rud 1972

Question 81

Who created radiographic visual aids to go with Rud's criteria?

Answer 81

Molven 1987

Question 82

Orstavik's criteria for success

Answer 82

Periapical index (1: healthy to 5: severe periapical disease)

Question 83

Friedman 2010 prospective study surgical outcome?

Answer 83

74% healed, 94% functional.

Question 84

Three predictive factors for surgical outcome from Friedman's 2010 study?

Answer 84

Better outcome if older than 45 y.o., inadequate pre-op filling, crypt, <10 mm size

Question 85

Ng 2008- meta-analysis for retreats: healing rate?

Answer 85

77%

Question 86

Ng 2008- meta-analysis for retreats: three prognostic factors?

Answer 86

Better outcome if no PARL pre-op, root canal filling was not long, and good coronal restoration

Question 87

Who showed that following NSRCT, condensing osteitis completely reverses in 73% of cases?

Answer 87

Eliasson 1984

Question 88

What did Eliasson 1984 show about condensing osteitis?

Answer 88

Reverses in 73% of cases

Question 89

Who showed incidence of severe flare-up post op that resulted in an unscheduled appointment is 1.5-5.5%

Answer 89

Walton

Question 90

Walton | flare-ups?

Answer 90

Incidence of severe flare-up post-op that resulted in an unscheduled appt: 1.5-5.5%

Question 91

Who said that for necrotic teeth with PARL: 94% success 0-2 mm short 68% success > 2 mm short 76% success when long

Answer 91

Sjogren 1990

Question 92

What did Von Arx 2012 find were two significant predictors of healing for apical surgery?

Answer 92

1. mesial-distal bone level (less than 3 v. greater than 3) (78v. 53%) 2. MTA v. superEBA (86 v. 67%)

Question 93

Who found that two significant predictors of healing for apical surgery are: 1. mesial-distal bone level (less than 3 v. greater than 3) (78v. 53%) 2. MTA v. superEBA (86 v. 67%)

Answer 93

Von Arx 2012

Question 94

Who said 84% of teeth are healed one year after apical surgery, while 76% are healed after 5 years

Answer 94

Von Arx 2012

Question 95

Von Arx 2012- healed rate for apices at 1 yr. v. 5 yr

Answer 95

84 v. 76%