Ovarian Function

Question 1

3 phases of menstrual cycle

Answer 1

follicular: 1-13
ovulation: 14
luteal: 15-28

Question 2

3 phases of endometrial lining?

Answer 2

menses - shed
proliferative phase
secretory phase: promotes implantation

Question 3

2 characteristics controlled by estrogen?

Answer 3

breast development

body fat distribution

Question 4

what does adrenal androgens do to females? 2 things

Answer 4

pubic and axillary hair

libido

Question 5

cervix is normally?

Answer 5

long
thick
closed

Question 6

Granulosa cells secrete?

Answer 6

estrogen before ovulation

progesterone after ovulation as corpus lutem

Question 7

When is the second meiotic division completed in the oocyte?

Answer 7

AFTER fertilization

Question 8

What happens to Copus luteum if no preganancy?

Answer 8

degenerates into corpus albicans

Question 9

What is the role of thecal and granulosa cells in follicle maturation?

Answer 9

LH>thecal cells>androgens>Granulosa cells>aromatase>estrogens>+ve feedback develops follicle and increase estrogen>-ve feedback decreases FSH+LH

Question 10

what causes LH surge?

Answer 10

high estrogen from granulosa cells +ve feedback to hypothalamus, increased GnRH

Question 11

Inhibin does what?

Answer 11

inhibits FSH so there is not a new follicle produced

Question 12

what does low progesterone do in late follicular phase?

Answer 12

+ve feedback on GnRH and LH to promot LH surge

Question 13

when does primary oocyte complete its first meiotic division?

Answer 13

before ovulation in late follicular phase during high estrogen

Question 14

what happens to follicle after ovulation

Answer 14

decrease estrogen

morph into luteal cells

Question 15

estrogen and progesterone levels in luteal phase? where is it coming from?

Answer 15

increased to maintain endometrium

comes from corpus luteum

Question 16

GnRH, LH, FSH levels in luteal phase?

Answer 16

low

Question 17

inhibin levels in luteal phase?

Answer 17

high to inhibit follicle develment

Question 18

cervix during ovulation?

Answer 18

abundant clear non viscous (let sperm in)

Question 19

cervix in mid-luteal phase?

Answer 19

thick sticky viscous because no need for more sperm

Question 20

uterus in mid luteal phase?

Answer 20

vascular and secretory

Question 21

Late luteal phase corpus luteum in preg vs. non-preg:

Answer 21

preg: corpus luteum maintained

non-preg: corpus luteum degens, decreasing estrogen and prog. and triggers menses,

Question 22

Menses hormone levels do what to hypothalamus?

Answer 22

low estrogen and progesterone means loss fo -ve feeback to hypothalamus so you get higher FSH, LH and new follicle

Question 23

3 causes of menopause?

Answer 23

1. no more egg development
2. ovaries cease responding to LH/FSH
3. low estrogen and progesterone

Question 24

menopause symptoms?

Answer 24

hot flashes

osteoporosis

Question 25

sperm live how long in vagina? | oocyte viable for how long?

Answer 25

1. 48 hours for sperm | 2. 24 hours for oocyte

Question 26

what happens when sperm reaches oocyte in fallopian tube?

Answer 26

acrosomal reaction causes digestive enzymes and the zona pellucida and cell junctions dissolve

Question 27

what blocks polyspermy?

Answer 27

cortical reaction after sperm and egg membranes fuse

Question 28

what is a sperm called that reach zona pellucida?

Answer 28

capicitated sperm

Question 29

second polar body ejected from?

Answer 29

ZYGOTE

Question 30

what day post-fertilization does blastocyst implant?

Answer 30

days 5-9 | completely buried

Question 31

what is a decidualized endometrium?

Answer 31

becomes more vascular and changes to adapt to implanted blastocyst

Question 32

when is: Early Preg? Embryonic period? fetal period?

Answer 32

Early Preg: 1-2 weeks Embryonic period: 3-8 weeks fetal period: 9-term

Question 33

early preg is susceptible to?

Answer 33

chromosome abnormalities | environmental prevent implantation

Question 34

early preg is non susceptible to?

Answer 34

teratogens

Question 35

when are baby most susceptible to teratogens?

Answer 35

embryonic week 3-8

Question 36

all major organ systems formed when?

Answer 36

by end of embryonic week 3-8

Question 37

when do you get most physiological defects in preg?

Answer 37

fetal period

Question 38

Conception has 3 strategies to modify:

Answer 38

``` Ovulation -endocrine OCP Sperm -ovum transport (barrier, surgery) Prevent implantation (IUD) ```

Question 39

how does OCP work?

Answer 39

lose dose estrogen and progesterone doesn't allow -ve feedback to hypothalamus to make FSH or subsequent LH surge. and no endometrium development either