P1 LAB Flashcards by hehe gege

When is phenylpyruvic acid present in urine?
*
1/1
MSUD
PKU
UTI
BJP

PKU

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Which compound of copper is colored blue?
*
1/1
copper oxide
copper sulfate
copper hydroxide
elemental copper

copper sulfate

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The urge to urinate begins when the urinary bladder contains:
*
1/1
200mL
400ml
700ml
1 liter

400ml

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Which among these substances is light sensitive?
bilirubin
glucose
ketones
blood
protein

bilirubin & glucose

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The required urine sample in order to say that the patient urine as polyuric, anuric or oliguric is:
*
1/1
random
1st morning
midstream catch
timed

timed

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Which parameters are reducing substances?
*
Specific gravity
Glucose
Protein
Ketone
Bilirubin
Ascorbic acid
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
Leukocytes
Blood
pH

Glucose

Ascorbic acid

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How does a vegetarian diet affect the urine pH? It results in:
*
1/1
acidic urine
basic urine
neutral urine
urine with no pH value

basic urine

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The normal pH of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is similar to the pH of:
*
1/1
urine
saliva
blood
semen
gastric juice

blood

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The name of the condition in which glucose is excreted in the urine when the blood sugar is within the normal range is called renal _______________. (the missing word is made of 10 letters that you should type all in lowercase)

glucosuria

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Normal plasma osmolality of a person with regular diet and exercise is approximately:
*
1/1
280 mOsm/kg.
450 mOsm/kg.
800 mOsm/kg.
1000 mOsm/kg.

280 mOsm/kg.

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During your group practical test, you tested your urine samples with the Insight reagent strips. Which  parameters require within 30-60 second read time?
*
2/2
Specific gravity
Glucose
Protein
Ketone
Bilirubin
Ascorbic acid
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
Leukocytes
Blood
pH

Specific gravity

Ketone

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The correction for specific gravity value due to glucose is to:
*
1/1
add 0.003 per 1g. /dl of the substance
add 0.004 per 1g/dl of the substance
deduct 0,003 per 1g. /dl of the substance
deduct 0.004 per 1g. /dl of the substance

deduct 0.004 per 1g. /dl of the substance

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Which is NOT a storage requirement for reagent strips for urine testing?
*
1/1
refrigerated or room temperature
at room temperature only
in original bottle
with desicator

refrigerated or room temperature

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Which of the following proteins are found in NORMAL urine?
*
5/5
pre-albumin
albumin
Tamm-Horsfall protein
beta2-microglobulin
BJP
IgM
hemoglobin
myoglobin
alpha2-macroglobulin
lipoprotein

pre-albumin
albumin
Tamm-Horsfall protein
beta2-microglobulin
BJP

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The normal urine volume at night is:
*
1/1
200mL
450ml
700ml
1 liter

200mL

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Which non-sugar substances interfere with the copper reduction test for glucose?
*
6/6
uric acid
creatinine
pentoses
lactose
homogentisic acid
formaldehyde
chloroform
urea
peroxide
galactose
ascorbate
ammonium hydroxide

uric acid
creatinine
homogentisic acid
formaldehyde
chloroform
ascorbate

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A patient’s serum demonstrates an M-spike in the gamma region on serum protein electrophoresis. His urine also shows a spike in the same region. An intern notices that the protein was negative on the urinalysis report and calls the lab to point out the discrepancy. What is the explanation for this apparent discrepancy?
*
1/1
dipstick is (-) for albumin & protein precipitation test (+)
protein precipitation test is (-) and dipstick is (+) for albumin
both protein precipitation and dipstick albumin are (+)
both albumin dipstick & protein precipitation test are (-)

dipstick is (-) for albumin & protein precipitation test (+)

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What is the principle of the glucose test on the reagent strip?
*
1/1
protein error of indicator
double enzymatic reaction
double indicator system
diazotization of indicator

double enzymatic reaction

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What conditions requires the use of this apparatus (centrifuge) in order to prove their occurrence?
*
5/5
bacteriuria
chyluria
crystalluria
cylindruria
choluria
porphyria
hemoglobinuria
hematuria
pyuria
hypersthenuria
nocturia

bacteriuria
crystalluria
cylindruria
hematuria
pyuria

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What is the purpose of the condenser on a microscope?
*
1/1
to magnify objects under investigation
to focus light onto the objectives
to illuminate the specimen on the slide
to increase the light entering the stage aperture

to illuminate the specimen on the slide

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What are some causes of false-positive results in protein precipitation tests?
*
4/4
tolbutamide
penicillin
radiographic contrast media
heavy metals
turbidity
aspirin
lipids
acetone

tolbutamide
penicillin
radiographic contrast media
turbidity

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What does the inscription “N.A.” stand for on the microscope objectives? (answer in small letters and joining the two words with a hyphen)
*
4/4

numerical-aperture

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Discuss the solubility characteristics of Bence Jones proteins.
*
1/1
They precipitate at 40-60° C and redissolve at 100° C.
They precipitate at 100deg C and dissolve at RT.
They redissolve at 100degC and reappear at 30degC.
They precipitate at 100deg C and dissolve at 40-60degC.

They precipitate at 40-60° C and redissolve at 100° C.

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Which type of microscope is recommended for manual platelet counts and urine sediments?
*
1/1
interference contrast
darkfield
brightfield
phase contrast

phase contrast

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``` What is the principle of the specific gravity test on the reagent strip? * 1/1 protein error of indicator double enzymatic reaction double indicator system diazotization of indicator polyelectrolyte influence on urine pKa ```

polyelectrolyte influence on urine pKa

``` Under CLIA '88, how often should controls of reagent strips testing be tested? * 1/1 daily twice weekly every other day monthly ```

daily

What enzyme is used together with glucose oxidase in the glucose test on the reagent strip? (answer is a 10-letter word that you should type all lowercase) * 2/2

peroxidase

``` Which of the following information are the minimum requirements for a labeled urine sample container? name of the analyst name of the patient time of arrival in the laboratory time of disposal time of collection date of collection date of purchase of the container date of claiming of the result ```

name of the patient time of collection date of collection

``` Describe a urine sample with a specific gravity of 1.004. * 1/1 hypoglycemic hypolyuric hyposthenuric hypostatic ```

hyposthenuric

``` Red colored urine may be due to: * 5/5 rhabdomyolysis intravascular hemolysis menstruation cylindruria crystalluria malaria Rh blood type incompatibility ```

``` rhabdomyolysis intravascular hemolysis menstruation malaria Rh blood type incompatibility ```

``` The protein reaction will be adversely affected by dipping the reagent strip in the urine due to: * 1/1 leaching of the indicator washout of the citrate buffer contamination of urine discoloration of the reagent pad ```

washout of the citrate buffer

A urine specimen for routine urinalysis has been refrigerated overnight. Prior to testing, what two things should be done to the specimen? * 2/2 The urine should be brought to room temperature. The enzymatic reactions on the strips should be first interpreted. Urine sample should be thoroughly mixed. Blood cells should be tested with centrifuged urine. The urine sample needs to be heated with acetic acid.

The urine should be brought to room temperature. | Urine sample should be thoroughly mixed.

Which statement is true about orthostatic proteinuria? * 1/1 Most commonly seen in older adults. It is a type of malignant proteinuria. It is characterized by protein in the urine after heavy exercise. The first morning urine is negative for protein.

The first morning urine is negative for protein.

``` Which 3 conditions can be confirmed via microscopic exam of urine? * diabetes mellitus urinary tract infection cylindruria multiple myeloma malaria LUT bleeding fever heavy metal poisoning ```

urinary tract infection cylindruria LUT bleeding

``` Why is the test for protein included in a routine urinalysis? * 1/1 early indicator of diabetes mellitus early indicator of kidney failure early detection of renal disorder early detection of lithiasis ```

early detection of renal disorder

Which sugar does the reagent strip detect? (answer is a 8-letter word you should type all lowercase) * 2/2

dextrose

``` Which of the following proteins are found in ABNORMAL urine? pre-albumin albumin Tamm-Horsfall protein beta2-microglobulin BJP IgM hemoglobin myoglobin alpha2-macroglobulin lipoprotein ```

``` IgM hemoglobin myoglobin alpha2-macroglobulin lipoprotein ```

``` Describe a urine sample with a specific gravity of 1.035. * 1/1 hyperglycemic polyuric hypersthenuric hyperduric ```

hypersthenuric

``` What red substance has a peroxidase-like activity? * 2/2 blood hemoglobin myoglobin protein catalase urobilin ```

hemoglobin | myoglobin

``` A physician suspects that his patient is in the early stage of liver disease. The urinalysis shows slightly increased urobilinogen, but the bilirubin is negative. What further urine testing should be performed? * 3/3 blood bilirubin multistix ictotest liver enzymes hepatobiliary dye test protein tests bile acid testing ```

blood bilirubin ictotest liver enzymes

``` The top 4 most abundant normal INORGANIC urine components include the following: * 4/4 sulfates magnesium sodium chloride calcium potassium phosphates ```

sulfates sodium chloride potassium phosphates

``` What might account for a positive protein precipitation test with a negative reagent strip? * 1/1 presence of globulin presence of BJP presence of pre-albumin presence of lipoproteins ```

presence of BJP

``` What are the urine components that will give a positive blood test on the urine reagent strip? * 3/3 RBCs pH ketones glucose specific gravity bilirubin hemoglobin nitrite leukocyte esterase sodium myoglobin ```

RBCs hemoglobin myoglobin

``` What are the urine components that are associated with bacteriuria? * 3/3 ketones glucose specific gravity bilirubin hemoglobin nitrite leukocyte esterase sodium protein ```

nitrite leukocyte esterase protein

If a patient has glucose in his urine, what is probably true about his blood glucose level? * 1/1 it already exceeded the renal glucose threshold it already is equal to 150mg/dl glucose it already become lesser than 200mg/dl it is already within the 140-160mg/dl glucose range

it already exceeded the renal glucose threshold

``` Turbid urine may be due to: * 6/6 rhabdomyolysis intravascular hemolysis cylindruria crystalluria malaria Rh blood type incompatibility pyuria chyluria bacteriuria proteinuria ```

``` cylindruria crystalluria pyuria chyluria bacteriuria proteinuria ```

``` Which 2 tests require the use of the apparatus below? * 2/2 specific gravity osmolality Bence Jones protein conventional testing microalbuminuria urine character assessment ```

osmolality | Bence Jones protein conventional testing

``` How does the preservative thymol interfere with which urinalysis test? * 1/1 glucose ketones protein bilirubin blood ```

protein

``` What is the principle of the protein test on the reagent strip? * 1/1 protein error of indicator double enzymatic reaction double indicator system diazotization of indicator ```

protein error of indicator

``` The normal range of the specific gravity of a randomly collected urine sample is: * 1/1 1.005-1.035 1.016-1.022 1.010-1.020 1.025-1.035 1.001-1.050 ```

1.005-1.035

``` What parameters are NOT found in normal urine samples? * 3/3 Specific gravity Glucose Protein Ketone Bilirubin Ascorbic acid Urobilinogen Nitrite Leukocytes Blood pH ```

Ascorbic acid Nitrite Blood

``` Which acid is commonly used to precipitate urine protein? * 1/1 TCA SSA HAc HCl ```

SSA

``` What are the urine components that are derived from hemoglobin? * 5/5 RBCs porphyrins urobilinogen stercobilin bile acids bilirubin myoglobin haptoglobin biliverdin indican brick dust ```

``` porphyrins urobilinogen stercobilin bilirubin biliverdin ```

``` Which among these substances are inorganic? * 6/6 Captionless Image bilirubin glucose chloride ions sodium oxide albumin urea potassium carbonate calcium phosphates ammonia sodium chloride arsenic benzoate hemoglobin carbontetrachloride chloroform ```

``` chloride ions sodium oxide potassium carbonate calcium phosphates ammonia sodium chloride ```

Under CLIA '88, what is the level of complexity for urinalysis by reagent strip or tablet? (Answer is a 6-letter word that you should type all lower case) * 2/2

waived

Which of the following conditions can affect the results of the test that requires the use of this apparatus? * 3/3 ``` proteinuria glycosuria normal diet euthyroidism body temperature of 37degrees Celsius hematuria ```

proteinuria glycosuria hematuria

What is the significance of a positive urine glucose? * 2/2 it indicate hyperglycemia it indicate renal disorder it indicates uncontrolled diabetes insipidus it indicates uncontrolled diabetes mellitus it indicates carbohydrate balance

it indicate hyperglycemia | it indicates uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

``` A person with polyuria will produce urine volume of: * 1/1 1 liter per day 1.5 liters per day 2 liters per day 2.5 liters per day ```

2.5 liters per day

The correction for specific gravity value due to proteins is to: * 1/1 add 0.003 per 1g. /dl of the substance add 0.004 per 1g/dl of the substance deduct 0,003 per 1g. /dl of the substance deduct 0.004 per 1g. /dl of the substance

deduct 0,003 per 1g. /dl of the substance

``` Under CLIA '88, which of the following CANNOT be used as controls of reagent strips testing? * 1/1 distilled water 0.85% normal saline positive control negative control ```

distilled water

``` A patient is instructed to collect a 24-hour urine for a quantitative protein test. The patient begins the collection on Monday morning at 6 AM. Subsequent specimens collected at 10 AM, 1 PM, 5 PM, and 11 PM Monday and the 6 AM specimen on Tuesday are added to the container. How will the results of the quantitative protein test be affected? * 1/1 falsely high protein falsely low protein falsely negative protein false nonreactive protein ```

falsely high protein

``` Which of the following substances is a reducing agent? * 1/1 nitric acid glutathione hydrogen peroxide diatomic oxygen ```

glutathione

``` Which substances in the urine are light sensitive? * 2/2 glucose bilirubin blood urochrome urobilinogen ```

bilirubin | urobilinogen

``` What are the urine substances that are normally negatively tested on the urine reagent strip? * 6/6 blood pH ketones glucose specific gravity bilirubin hemoglobin nitrite leukocyte esterase sodium chloride ```

``` ketones glucose bilirubin hemoglobin nitrite leukocyte esterase ```

``` What is the principle of the pH test on the reagent strip? * 1/1 protein error of indicator double enzymatic reaction double indicator system diazotization of indicator ```

double indicator system