P2 PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

Mention the 2 causes of nerve injury

Answer 1

1- trauma
2- metabolic / toxic

Question 2

examples of metabolic or toxic causes of nerve injury

Answer 2

• DM
• renal failure

Question 3

Individual nerve fiber surrounded by

Answer 3

endoneurium

Question 4

Each fascicle of nerve fibers is surrounded by

Answer 4

perineurium

Question 4

The outermost layer of dense, irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve

Answer 4

Epineurium

Question 5

grading systems of nerve injury

Answer 5

1- seddon
2- sunderland

Question 6

seddon grading system depend on

Answer 6

1-nerve components affected
2- loss of functionality
3- ability to recover spontaneously

Question 7

rupture of nerve & its no longer a continuous fiber is known as

Answer 7

neurotmesis

Question 8

wallerian degeneration is seen in which classification / stage

Answer 8

axonotmesis grade2

Question 9

an active process of anterograde degeneration of the distal end of an axon that is a result of a nerve lesion or injury.

Answer 9

Wallerian degeneration

Question 10

Recovery of grade 1 nerve injury is within

Answer 10

within 1 6 week period

Question 11

paralysis of the extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers due to compression of the radial nerve where it passes in the groove around the humerus of the upper arm is known as

Answer 11

Saturday night Palsy

Question 14

what grade of nerve injury in which the Injury not only to myelin sheath but also to the axon itself & is Common in crush injuries and displaced bone fractures.

Answer 14

grade 2 / axonotmesis

Question 15

what grade of nerve injury in which the to myelin sheaths, axon, and endoneurium, with sparing of the perineurium and epineurium. with some scar tissue

Answer 15

grade 3

Question 16

what grade of nerve injury in which the Injury to all nerve trunk elements except the epineurium (Partial transection). with Dense scar tissue.

Answer 16

grade 4

Question 17

what grade of nerve injury is Complete transection of all neural and connective tissue elements of the nerve trunk.

Answer 17

grade 5 / neurotmesis

Question 18

poor prognosis is seen if the injury site is

Answer 18

close to the neuronal cell body

Question 18

good prognosis is seen if the injury site is

Answer 18

close to the target site

Question 19

Repair mechanisms in traumatic nerve injury

Answer 19

• segmental demyelination
• degenerative process

Question 20

Repair mechanisms in metabolic / toxic nerve injury

Answer 20

axonal degeneration

Question 21

Myelination in periphery is done by

Answer 21

schwann cells

Question 22

Represents a switch in function of cell body from axon maintenance to axon regeneration.

Answer 22

chromatolysis

Question 23

partial nerve injury recovery time

Answer 23

3-6 months

Question 24

Successful Axon Regeneration depends on

Answer 24

1- proper environment 2- endoneurial tube condition 3- presence of viable end organ

Question 25

in axon regeneration in CNS dense scar tissue is a result of

Answer 25

astrocytes

Question 26

proteins expressed by oligodendrocytes as components of CNS myelin

Answer 26

myelin associated inhibitors

Question 27

main inhibitory molecules found in astroglial scar

Answer 27

Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans

Question 28

cells in CNS that are responsible for myelination

Answer 28

Oligodendrocytes

Question 29

Procedure in which a small piece of donor nerve is used to bridge the gap between the two nerve ends

Answer 29

nerve graft

Question 29

Transfer of functioning nerves that are close to the target to the injured nerve is a procedure known as

Answer 29

nerve transfer

Question 30

Sewing the two ends of a nerve together , if nerve has been cut a procedure known as

Answer 30

nerve repair

Question 31

Removal of scar from the nerves to prevent scar tissue from blocking the nerve from regenerating is a procedure known as

Answer 31

neurolysis