P3 PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

Functional unit of the liver

Answer 1

liver lobule

Question 2

Functions of liver

Answer 2

• filtration & storage of blood
• metabolism of carbs,proteins, fat , hormones
• forming bile
  -store iron , vitamins
  -forms coagulation factors

Question 3

blood flow to liver

Answer 3

1350 ml/min

Question 4

factors increasing liver resistance to blood flow

Answer 4

Cirrhosis
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Question 5

amount of blood normally stored in liver

Answer 5

450 ml

Question 6

in case of heart failure , liver can store up to

Answer 6

1 liter

Question 7

Structure that allows large amount of lymph to form

Answer 7

spaces of Disse

Question 8

Plays an important role in regeneration of liver

Answer 8

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)

Question 9

cells in haptic macrophage system

Answer 9

kupffer cells

Question 10

what carb molecules get converted to glucose

Answer 10

Galactose , fructose

Question 11

Formation of urea is done for

Answer 11

removal of ammonia

Question 12

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 12

A,D,E,K , B12

Question 13

liver stores iron as

Answer 13

Ferritin

Question 14

Coagulation substances

Answer 14

Fibrinogen , prothrombin , accelerator globulin . factor VII,II,IX,X
Vitamin K

Question 14

Coagulation substances

Answer 14

Fibrinogen , prothrombin , accelerator globulin . factor VII,II,IX,X
Vitamin K

Question 15

rapid release of bilirubin , destruction of red blood cells

Answer 15

Haemolytic jaundice

Question 16

Obstruction of bile duct / damage of liver cells resulting in deficiency in bilirubin going to GI

Answer 16

Obstructive jaundice

Question 17

Enzyme that acts on fat emulsification & micelles formation

Answer 17

lipase enzyme

Question 18

pathway of bile

Answer 18

canaliculi to interlobular septa-terminal to common bile duct to gallbladder or duodenum

Question 19

ductules and ducts epithelial cells are stimulated by

Answer 19

secretin

Question 20

bile get stored and concentrated in

Answer 20

Gallbladder

Question 21

Capacity of gallbladder for bile

Answer 21

30-60 ml

Question 22

Substance that stimulate gallbladder emptying

Answer 22

CCK

Question 23

Cholesterol is converted to

Answer 23

cholic acid / chendeoxycholic acid

Question 24

bile salts facilitate fat absorption through formation of

Answer 24

Micelles

Question 25

bile salts carry water insoluble vitamins such as

Answer 25

monoglycerides , free fatty acids , fat soluble vitamins

Question 26

active reabsorption of bile salts occurs in

Answer 26

Terminal ilium

Question 27

passive reabsorption occurs in

Answer 27

Early portions of small intestine

Question 28

causes of gallstones

Answer 28

1- increased absorption of water from bile
2-increased absorption of bile acids from bile
3- increased cholesterol in bile
4-inflammation of epithelium