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Pharmacology III > PA Antibiotics (Exam #3) > Flashcards

PA Antibiotics (Exam #3) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four groups of Beta-Lactams?

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
  • Carbapenems
  • Glycopeptides/Lipoglycopeptides
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2
Q

What are two examples of Cephalosporins?

A
  • Ceftriaxone

- Cefotaxime

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3
Q

What is an example of Glycopeptides/Lipoglycopeptides ?

A

Vancomycin

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4
Q

What is the MOA of Beta-Lactam abx?

A

Target cell wall

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5
Q

What is the MOA of Nitrofurantoin?

A

Inhibit protein production

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6
Q

What is the MOA of Tetracyclines?

A

Inhibit protein production

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7
Q

What is the MOA of Clindamycin?

A

Inhibit protein production

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8
Q

What is the MOA of Rifamycins?

A

Inhibit protein production

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9
Q

What is the MOA of Aminoglycosides?

A

Inhibit protein production

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10
Q

What is the MOA of Oxazolidinones?

A

Inhibit protein production

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Macrolides? What are three examples of Macrolides?

A

Inhibit protein production

  • Azithromycin
  • Clarithromycin
  • Erythromycin
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12
Q

What is the MOA of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole?

A

Inhibit replication

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13
Q

What is the MOA of Quinolones? What are two examples of Quinolones?

A

Inhibit replication

  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Levofloxacin
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14
Q

What is the MOA of Metronidazole?

A

Inhibit replication

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15
Q

What two groups of abx are DOC for pregnancy?

A
  • Penicillins

- Cephalosporins

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16
Q

What three groups of abx should ALWAYS be avoided in pregnancy?

A
  • Tetracyclines
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Quinolones
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17
Q

What two groups of abx should be avoided with pregnancy AT TERM?

A
  • Sulfas

- Nitrofurantoin

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18
Q

What abx should be avoided with pregnancy IN 1st TRIMESTER?

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

19
Q

What two abx are Category B for pregnancy?

A
  • Erythromycin

- Azithromycin

20
Q

What is the most common pathogen that causes PNA (Community-Acquired)?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

21
Q

What are the two possible abx tx options for PNA (Community-Acquired)?

A
  • Macrolide
    OR
  • Doxycycline
22
Q

If IP tx of PNA (Community-Acquired) is required, what is the recommended abx tx (2, __+__)

A
  • Macrolide + Beta-Lactam
    OR
  • Doxycycline + Beta-Lactam
23
Q

In a patient with PNA, if positive culture for Streptococcus pneumoniae, what is the recommended abx tx (2)?

A
  • Pen G (high dose)
    OR
  • Cephalosporin (2nd or 3rd Gen)
24
Q

What are the two possible abx tx options for Uncomplicated Cystitis?

A
  • Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX/Bactrim)
    OR
  • Nitrofurantoin
25
Q

What is the recommended abx tx option for Complicated Cystitis? What else should be ordered?

A

Ciprofloxacin

- Also urine culture

26
Q

What are the three possible abx tx options for Acute Pyelonephritis?

A 
- Carbapenems
OR 
- Penicillin/Beta-Lactam combination (Piperacillin-Tazobactam)
OR
- Quinolones
27
Q

What are the two major AEs associated with Quinolones?

A
  • Cartilage abnormalities

- QT prolongation (TdP)

28
Q

What are the two most common pathogens that cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

A
  • N. gonorrheae

- Chlamydia trachomatis

29
Q

What is the recommended empirical abx tx option for PID (__+__)

A

Cephalosporin (IM) + Doxycycline (oral)

30
Q

In a patient with PID, if positive culture for Chlamydia trachomatis, what is the recommended abx tx (2)?

A
  • Doxycycline
    OR
  • Azithromycin
31
Q

In a patient with PID, if positive culture for Chlamydia trachomatis AND PREGNANT, what is the recommended abx tx?

A

Azithromycin only

32
Q

In a patient with PID, if positive culture for N. gonorrheae, what is the recommended abx tx?

A

Ceftriaxone

33
Q

In a patient with PID, if positive culture for N. gonorrheae AND PREGNANT, what is the recommended abx tx?

A

Ceftriaxone

34
Q

What is the CI of Cephalosporins?

A

PCN allergy

35
Q

What are the two most common pathogens that cause Bacterial Meningitis?

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae

- N. meningitides

36
Q

What is the recommended abx tx option for Bacterial Meningitis? What other abx may be added, and WHY?

A

Cephalosporin (3rd Gen)

+/- Vancomycin (MRSA)

37
Q

What are the two most common pathogens that cause Cellulitis?

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus

- Streptococcus pyogenes

38
Q

What are the three possible abx tx options for Cellulitis?

A 
- Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX/Bactrim)
OR
- Clindamycin
OR
- Tetracyclines
39
Q

What is the primary risk associated with use of Clindamycin?

A

C. diff infection

40
Q

What are the two CIs of Tetracyclines?

A
  • Pregnancy

- Children <8 years

41
Q

What is the primary AE associated with Tetracyclines?

A

Blue-black hyperpigmentation

42
Q

If MRSA is present with infection, which abx is recommended? What is a possible alternative?

A

Vancomycin = preferred

- Daptomycin

43
Q

What abx is active against C. diff infection?

A

Vancomycin (Glycopeptides/Lipoglycopeptides)

44
Q

What are the three AEs associated with Vancomycin?

A
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Hearing loss
  • Red Man Syndrome

Pharmacology III (25 decks)

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