PA6: Flies Flashcards
(30 cards)
What dipteran flies have free-living larvae & parasitic adults?
Houseflies, mosquitoes, midges.
What dipteran flies have larvae that develops singly in the mother & parasitic adults?
Keds, tsetse flies.
What dipteran flies have parasitic larvae & free-living, non-parasitic adults?
Blow flies & some bot flies.
Characteristics of house & face flies.
Sponging mouthparts
Cause intense irritation, secondary infection of wounds.
Can be mechanical vectors for bacteria
Characteristics of head flies (Hydrotaea irritans)
Sponging mouthparts + small teeth to rasp skin
Feed on lacrymal secretions/moist wounds
Affect mostly horned sheep
Found near woodlands in summer
Can be mechanical vectors for bacteria, viruses, protozoa & helminths
Characteristics of stable flies/biting house flies (Stomoxys calcitrans)
Piercing & sucking mouthparts
Intermediate host for Hebronema muscae
Cause pain
Vecyor for protozoa & helminths
Characteristics of horn flies (Haematobia irritans/Haematobia stimulans)
Very small
Have a piercing proboscis
Feed on blood
Affect cattle
Found on back, abdomen & horns.
Cause pain & irritation + attract other flies
Characteristics of tsetse flies (Glossinia spp.)
Have a piercing proboscis
Feed on blood
Found in tropical countries
Viviparous
Cause pain
Vectors for trypanosomes
Characteristics of keds (Melophagus ovinus)
Small, wingless
Piercing mouthparts
Feed on blood
Permanent parasites found on sheep
Spread by close contact between hosts
Cause irritation, pelt damage, blood loss & anaemia (heavy infestations)
Characteristics of forest flies (Hippobosca equina)
Have wings
Have a piercing proboscis
Affect horses & cattle
Found around perineum & pelvic limbs
Most abundant in summer
Cause irritation
Characteristics of clegs/horse flies (des taons) (Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp., Chrysops spp.)
Large & robust flies
Have slashing & sponging mouthparts
Feed on blood every 3-4 days.
Pop. variation depending on species
Active when hot & sunny
Cause pain
Characteristics of mosquitoes (Culex spp., Anopheles spp., Aedes spp.)
Nocturnal feeding
Have a hypodermic proboscis
Cause irritation
Vectors of Plasmodium spp., Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm in dogs) & arboviruses (equine encephalitis viruses)
Characteristics of midges (Culicoides spp.)
Found in swarms
Have a short hypodermic proboscis
Cause sweet itch in horses
Vectors for bluetongue virus, African horse sickness virus & filarial nematodes
Characteristics of sand flies (Phlebotomus spp.)
Found in semi-arid regions
Have piercing & sucking mouthparts
Nocturnal feeding
Vectors of Leishmania tropica & Leishmania donovani
Characteristics of black flies (Simulicum spp.)
Have a short proboscis
Feed on blood
Feed in morning & evening
Cause pain + reaction to mass feeding
Vectors for equine encephalitis virus & filarial helminths
Define myasis.
Parasitism of living tissue by larvae of dipteran flies. Can be facultative or obligate.
Characteristics of blowfly
Facultative myasis
Pop. increases in summer
What are primary myasis flies?
Flies that can initiate strike on a living healthy animal.
What are secondary myasis flies?
Flies that only attach to areas that are already struck/damaged.
How do maggots of myasis flies feed?
L1 penetrate the skin using hooked mouthparts & secrete enzymes that liquefy & digest tissues.
Toxins secreted by decomposing tissues & ammonia secreted by maggots get into the blood.
What are some primary myasis flies?
Lucilia sericata, Phormis terrae-novae
What are some secondary myasis flies?
Calliphora erythrocephala
Characteristics of warble flies (Hypoderma bovis & Hypoderma lineatum)
Obligate myasis
Active in summer
Look like bees
Cause damage to hides
Characteristics of sheep nasal bot flies (Oestrus ovis)
Obligate myasis
Found in southern Europe/England
Adult flies have grey, hairy bodies with small black spots
Adults lack mouthparts & don’t feed
Adult females are viviparous
