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Year 6 > PACES > Flashcards

PACES Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Types of suture and uses

A

Absorbable- vacryl MCP- used got rapidly healing- urology or small bowel
Mono- monocryl, catgut, PDS

Non
Prolene SEE
Braided- Silk, ethibond
Mono- Ethilon (Skin), proline (bowel and vascular)

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2
Q

CI of epidural

A

Raised ICP
Hypovovlaemia
Infection at site

Coag problems

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3
Q

Types of catheter material

A

Silastic- 3 three weeks
Latex- week – irritates, uti, collapse

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4
Q

What must you not forget in each station

A

ISOLATE JOINT, FEEL SAME BOTH SIDES
Upper- pronator
Lower- gait
CN- accommodation , ANY DOUBLE VISION OR PAIN

Cardio- FEEL CAROTIDS delay and carotids

Resp- neck and cross arms

Hip- measure and gait

Knee- stand and effusion

Hand- wrist

Vascular-ULCER!!! burgers, auscultate!

Breast- cervical?

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5
Q

What to offer in cardio exam

A

History
Obs
Vascular, resp
Urine
Fundoscopy

ECG
ABG
CXR
Echo

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6
Q

Complete resp exam

A

History
Obs
Peak flow
Spirometry
Sputum

CXR
ABG
ECG

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7
Q

Complete CN examination

A

History
Obs
Nerve- upper and lower
Fundoscopy

Neuroimaging
Hearing assessment

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8
Q

Complete breast exam

A

History
Obs
Assess lymph nodes
Cervical spine
Resp exam

Triple
Biopsy
mammography
Clinical

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9
Q

Complete abdominal exam

A

History
Obs
Hernial orifices?
DRE?
Urine dip
Genitalia

Examine- stoma ect in more detail

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10
Q

Complete musk station

A

History
Obs
Examine other joints- above and below
X rays
Neurovascular

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11
Q

Complete wrist exam

A

History
Obs
Examine other joints
Neurovacualr
X ray

FBC, CRP, UE, CCP, RHF

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12
Q

Complete vascular exam

A

History
Obs
CV exam, vascular
ABPI
Neuro

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13
Q

Presenting abdo x ray

A

Supine AP x ray of x patient on this date
Good quality film with adequate exposure

Bowel - lead pixie, loss of haustra- UC
Bones - sclerosis- mets
Calcification - aorta, renal

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14
Q

Present chest X ray

A

Patient
AP/PA date

Rotation- clavicles
Inspiration and penetration

Airway
Lung fields
Cardio - within normal limits, borders are visible
Diaphragm- costophrenic angles
E- bony pathologies, pacemakers

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15
Q

What would you investigate in PKD

A

USS
CT
Renal function
Calcium
FBC- anaemia

CT head
Echo- mitral prolapse

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16
Q

Mx of PKD

A

Education
BP- ACEi
Nephrotoxic drugs

RRT
Screen

Chr 16

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17
Q

What should you assess with suspected renal transplant

A

Old Fistula/scars- neck scar, no thrill or needle marks
Fluid status
SE from meds

Check- it is working
Renal function
FBC- anaemia
Ca
Volume
ABG

Opportunistic infections- CMV, PCP

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18
Q

Causes of hornets and 3rd nerve palsy

A

Horners
Central
Pre- rib, pancooast
Post - courted artery, cavernous sinus thrombosis

3rd- dilated
Medical - diabetes, vasculitis, GCA
Surgical- Post comm aneurysm

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19
Q

Causes of facial weakness

A

Stroke

Tumour
Ramsay
Bells
Vasculitis

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20
Q

Myotonic dystrophy exam

A

Facial weakness
Dysarthria
tongue weakness
Weak neck
Weak distally

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21
Q

Signs and causes of foot drop

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A

Sciatic nerve- hip surgery, truma, tumour
Common perineal - trauma, knee surgery, DM, tumours
L5 radiculopathy

CPN- fibula head - inversion intact
L5- lateral aspect - ankle reflex
Scaitic - causes weak inversion, eversion, hip abduction

22
Q

Cause and signs of proximal weakness

Study These Flashcards
A

Endo- Cushing, hypo, acromegaly
Inflammatory- poly, sclerosis
Drug- statins
Congenital- Duchenne, beckers

23
Q

When to surgically manage AR

Study These Flashcards
A

symptomatic, pulse pressure >100, ECG TWI lateral, LV failure <50%

24
Q

Surgically manage aortic stenosis

Study These Flashcards
A

pressure gradient >40, valve are <1cm2
TAVI – no bypass needed, no large scar, higher risk of stroke

25
Questions to syncope
Cardiac- palps, siting Neuro - epilespy stroke- wet yourself, bite tongue, confused - sensation, power- secondary to DM autonomic Resp VV- dehydrated - light headed, nauseous Drugs
26
Palpitation causes and history
Cardiac- AF, SVT, WPW, ectopics Resp- PE Endo- hyperthyroid, hypoglycaemia, phaeo Drugs Anxiety Fainting, pain, SOB, heart conditions PE RF Hot, tremor, DM
27
SOB questions
Cardiac Resp- fever, FLAWS, occupation, hands tight skin, swallowing, ulcers Anaemia - blood loss- stool, periods Neuro- weakness DKA FLuid- liver, nephrotic, renal - any swellng
28
Gynaecomastia ques
Abdo- liver Test- headaches, lump, sense of smell, Drug
29
Abdo pain ques
Hepato- Yellow Pain urine Pale stools Dark urine Acute- ischaemia- pain worse with eating Palpitations joint pain Menstrual period DKA
30
Dysphagia
Cancer Achalasia PV- tiredness Weakness Tight skin Pain- infection
31
Weight loss causes
Cancer- FLAWS Infection Pain eating Endo- hyper Malabsorption Ask about bowels
32
Bruising questions
AC Fam Swollen joints Excessive bleeding Drugs Cushings
33
Polyarthritis
Septic- infection, fever RhA- extra features Gout Sclerosis- tight skin Psoriatic- patches Reactive- infections recent- sexual AS- pain in back, eyes, heel
34
Headaches questions
Inflammatory - eye Vascular- confusion, weakness, sensation Infectious- must ask meningitis ICP - mornings Hyperviscosity - clots Cancer - FLAWS
35
Visual loss
Flashes, floaters RF - coagulation, daibetes- haemorrhage Curtain coming down Painful- MS - weakness Infectious- wear contact lenses, swimming Medications GCA- headaches, pain in shoulders Gradual Halos - age, DM, steroids Central or peripheral- central ARDM, peripheral chronic glaucoma ARDM- line, night time
36
Diff of hyperthyroid and hypo
Cancer Infection - goitre tender Adenoma Graves- shins, eyes Hypo Surgery Drugs- cardiac Iodine TB Hashimotos- other AI conditions
37
Cushing questions and diff
Changes in weight face Striae Steroids eye sight Bruises Weakness sob Ix- cortisol, overnight suppression DEXA
38
Acromegaly questions
Changes to appearance Sight Heachaes Sweating Joint pain DM- polyuria, polydipsia Prolactin- periods, ED Snoring Check Hba1c ECG Hormone screen
39
Reasons for lobectomy/pneumectomy
Localised BE Uncontrolled haem Early NSC Abcess COPD reduction CF
40
Use of syringe
Flush equipment Inflate
41
How to use tracheostomy
cricothyrotomy Guide wire Dilator Inflate
42
Order of Venturi mask
Blue - 24 White -28 Yellow - 35 Red - 40 Green -60
43
How to use nebuliser
Used to deliver liquid by inhalation Pour into cup and attach touting Turn on machine- breath normally Infection if it isn't cleaned
44
How to use non rebreather mask
Oxygen tube at level Allow bag to fill by putting thumb on port before putting around face
45
How to use self inflating bag valve
Used in those with resp failure Apnea Undergoing anaesthesia Sniff air Mouth- jaw thrust Seal over Press bag
46
Central line pack uses
Use USS Local Needle Inscision used for irritant meds Paraenteral nutrition Long term treatment Haemodylasis
47
Use of epidural
Pain relief- labour, abdominal surgery, Chronic pain Insert needle - syringe Nemove needle Aspirate- no CSF Or blood plastic tubing- medication
48
Use of Seldinger
Pneumothorax Effusion- malgnant Empyema Haemothorax- trauma Complcations- perforation Fistula Infection
49
How to use proctoscopy/sigmoid/lap port
Left lateral DRE Inflate with air Colorectal cancer screen Lap port- incision- CO2- insert port
50
How to use PICC line
IV therapy for extended use PN, medications, Chemo, long term blood sampling Remains for 2-6 weeks
51
Lower motor neurone differentials
GBS Fredrichs ataxia B12 MND Muscle- myopathy- Cushing, acromegaly, hypothyroid Polymyositis Sclerosis Duchennes, Beckers, statins MG
52
Diabetes history
Polyuria, dipsa Eye, neurone Chest pain Ulcers Feet Glucose well controlled Other meds

Year 6 (28 decks)

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