Paediatrics

Question 1

Treatment of scarlet fever

Answer 1

Penicillin V for 10 days

Question 2

What organism causes roseala infantum (sixth disease)

Answer 2

HHV 6

Question 3

What organism causes erythema infectiosum (fifth disease/slapped cheek syndrome)

Answer 3

Parvovirus B19

Question 4

What organis causes hand foot and mouth disease?

Answer 4

Coxsackie A16

Question 5

School exclusion for scarlet fever

Answer 5

24 hours after starting antibiotics

Question 6

School exclusion for whooping cough

Answer 6

2 days after commencing antibiotics (or 21 days from onset of symptoms if no antibiotics )

Question 7

School exclusion for measles

Answer 7

4 days from the onset of the rash

Question 8

School exclusion for rubella

Answer 8

5 days from onset of the rash

Question 9

School exclusion for chickenpox

Answer 9

All lesions crusted over

Question 10

School exclusion for mumps

Answer 10

5 days from onset of swollen glands

Question 11

Which swelling (caput succedaneum or cephalohaematoma) crosses suture lines?

Answer 11

Caput succadeneum

Question 12

When is the guthrie test performed?

Answer 12

Day 5 - 9

Question 13

Causes of acyanotic heart disease

Answer 13

ventricular septal defects (VSD) - most common, accounts for 30%
atrial septal defect (ASD)
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
coarctation of the aorta
aortic valve stenosis

Question 14

Causes of cyanotic heart defects

Answer 14

tetralogy of Fallot
transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
tricuspid atresia

Question 15

When does hand preference develop

Answer 15

12 months

Question 16

Diagnostic test for vesicoureteric reflux

Answer 16

Micturating cyctourethrogram

Question 17

Treatment for hypospadius

Answer 17

Corrective surgery around 12 months of age. Child must not be circumcised before the procedure as the foreskin is required for the surgery

Question 18

CXR of transient tachypnoea of the newborn

Answer 18

Hyperinflation of the lungs and fluid in the horizontal fissure

Question 19

Most common cause of primary headache in children

Answer 19

Migraine

Question 20

Blood gas in pyloric stenosis

Answer 20

Hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic alkalosis

Question 21

Most common cardiac abnormality in down syndrome

Answer 21

AVSD

Question 22

Complications of measles

Answer 22

otitis media: the most common complication
pneumonia: the most common cause of death
encephalitis: typically occurs 1-2 weeks following the onset of the illness)
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: very rare, may present 5-10 years following the illness
febrile convulsions
keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ulceration
diarrhoea
increased incidence of appendicitis
myocarditis

Question 23

What are the four compnenets of tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 23

VSD
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (Pulmonary stenosis)
Overiding aorta

Question 24

When do patients with tetralogy of fallot tend to present?

Answer 24

1 - 2 months

Question 26

When are pregnant women offered the pertussis vaccine

Answer 26

Between 16 and 32 weeks

Question 27

Triad of findings on CT head of a shaken baby

Answer 27

Retinal haemorrhages Subdural haematoma Encephalopathy

Question 28

What is bartters syndrome?

Answer 28

Inherited condition causing severe hypokalaemia due to defective asorption at the NA K 2Cl co transporter in the ascending loop of henle. Hypokalaemia, normotension

Question 29

Causes of hypertension in children

Answer 29

Reneal parenchymal disease (Accounts for up to 80%) Renal vascular disease Coarctation of the aorta Phaeochromocytoma Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 30

Characteristics of an innocent murmur

Answer 30

Varies with posture No radiation Systolic No thrill No added sounds Asymptomatic

Question 31

What is the difference between gastroschisis and expomphalos

Answer 31

Gastroschisis - Stand alone bowel condition where the bowels are exposed outside the body Exomphalos - Abdominal contents protrude but are covered by the amniotic sac. Associated with beckwith wiedmann syndrome, downs syndrome and cardiac/kidney malformation

Question 32

Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13)

Answer 32

Microcephalic, small eyes Cleft lip/palate Polydactyly Scalp lesions

Question 33

Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)

Answer 33

Micrognathia Low-set ears Rocker bottom feet Overlapping of fingers

Question 34

Cri du chat syndrome (chromosone 5p deletion syndrome)

Answer 34

Characteristic cry (hence the name) due to larynx and neurological problems Feeding difficulties and poor weight gain Learning difficulties Microcephaly and micrognathism Hypertelorism