paeds

Question 1

open vs closed apex

Answer 1

open apex seen in immature teeth on radiographs
closed apex in mature teeth
can take up to 3 years once tooth fully in mouth for apex to close

Question 2

emergency adhesive bandage

Answer 2

applied to protect exposed dentinal tubules from bacterial ingress
done with compomer or composite

Question 3

when would a pulp cap be used (on fractured teeth)

Answer 3

if small exposure and treatment being received less than 24hrs after trauma
can be done on both mature and immature teeth as long as they are vital

Question 4

process of pulp cap

Answer 4

arrest haemmorhage with moist cotton wool
calcium hydroxide placed directly over exposure
dressing of GIC/RMGIC
definitive composite restoration

Question 5

process of pulpotomy

Answer 5

high speed bur to allow access and remove necrotic pulp tissue , usually 2-3mm
place calcium hydroxide
dress with GIC
restore with composite

Question 6

ultracal vs dycal

Answer 6

ultra cal = non setting calcium hydroxide , used for placing down canals as can be washed out
dycal = setting calcium hydroxide , used for pinpoint exposure or liners

Question 7

best type of flexible splint

Answer 7

composite wire

Question 8

flexible splint times for avulsion and extrusion

Answer 8

2 weeks

Question 9

why do we manipulate the wire to the shape of the teeth

Answer 9

so that it is passive and does not move the teeth

Question 10

how many teeth wide should a flexible trauma splint be

Answer 10

3 teeth , one either side adjacent to tooth of interest

Question 11

process of placing a trauma splint

Answer 11

1 - manipulate wire to path of teeth
2 - acid etch 10s
3 - apply bond and light cure
4 - composite blobs placed and wire sunk in , try to keep wire ends within composite , light cure
5 - apply more composite on top if required
6 - polish any sharp wire edges or rough composite

Question 12

whats the most sucessful restorative procedure for primary molars

Answer 12

preformed metal crowns

Question 13

hall technique

Answer 13

method of inserting preformed metal crowns on deciduous teeth
requires no preparation or local anaesthetic and no caries removal
must be no clinical or radiographical signs of pulpal involvement and must be sufficient tooth tissue remaining to retain the crown

Question 14

how long should separators be used for

Answer 14

3-5 days

Question 15

hall technique procedure

Answer 15

1 - size and choose a crown
2 - load crown with glass ionomer luting cement using flat plastic
3 - fit crown and apply pressure either with finger or child biting
4 - wipe away excess cement
5 - check fit and ask child to bite again/ hold finger for 2 minutes

Question 16

gingival cysts / epsteins pearls

Answer 16

whiteish, found on gingiva, consist of keratin

no treatment needed

Question 17

congenital epulis

Answer 17

large mass of cells commonly found on alveolar ridge

may need treatment if interfering with feeding

Question 18

natal/neonatal teeth

Answer 18

natal (present at birth)
neonatal (erupt during first month of life)
no treatment needed unless very mobile or causing ulceration

Question 19

eruption cyst

Answer 19

cyst overlying where developing tooth about to erupt
blue as filled with blood
will usually dissolve as tooth erupts