SIPCEP

Question 1

HAI

Answer 1

healthcare associated infection

Question 2

what are the 6 elements of the chain of infection model

Answer 2

infectious agent 
reservoir (where normally lives and grows)
portal of exit (e.g coughing )
mode of transmission 
portal of entry 
susceptible host

Question 3

AMR

Answer 3

antimicrobial resistance

Question 4

how long should hands be washed for

Answer 4

30s (increased from 20 due to covid )

Question 5

6 steps of hand hygiene

Answer 5

• rub hands palm to palm
• palm over the back of hand interlace fingers
• palm to palm fingers interlaced
• back of fingers to opposing palms with knuckles interlocked
• rotational rubbing of thumbs
• fingertips rubbing palms

Question 6

5 critical times for hand hygiene

Answer 6

• before touching a patient
• before a clean/aseptic procedure
• after body fluid exposure risk
• after touching a patient
• after touching patient surroundings

Question 7

what is the order for putting on ppe

Answer 7

• hand hygiene
• apron
• mask/visor
• gloves

Question 8

what is the order for removing ppe

Answer 8

• gloves
• apron
• visor
• mask
• hand hygiene
  all single use items should be disposed off in clinical waste stream (orange)

Question 9

5 step process for managing blood and bodily fluid spillages

Answer 9

• cordon off area
• assess spillage , what is it ?
• collect correct equipment
• protect yourself - ppe
• deal with spillage

Question 10

should ppe be worn when dealing with blood and bodily fluid spillages

Answer 10

yes, always

Question 11

how would you deal with a blood or bodily fluid spillage

Answer 11

use of biohazard spill kit
apply chlorine releasing granules directly to spill or solution containing 10,000 ppm available chlorine solution
contact time of 3 minutes, or manufacturers instructions
discard gross contamination into a clinical waste stream
then clean the area with detergent and dry using paper towels

“Following the manufacturers’ instructions, Nuria applies the chlorine releasing
granules directly to the blood spillage. She wipes up the granules using paper towels
and a scoop. She discards all waste into a healthcare waste bag. She washes the
area with a solution of general-purpose neutral detergent and warm water with paper
towels. She dries the area using paper towels and discards these in a healthcare
waste bag. She removes her gloves and apron and disposes into a healthcare
waste bag. Finally she carries out hand hygiene.”

Question 12

what are the two chemicals and their contact times used for cleaning blood and bodily fluid spillages

Answer 12

sodium hypochlorite
dichloroisocyanurate
contact time for both = 3 minutes

Question 13

on what type of spillage should chlorine releasing granules NOT be used

Answer 13

urine

use gelling agent instead

Question 14

what ppe would be needed for cleaning a blood spillage

Answer 14

apron and gloves

no need for eye protection as no risk of splashing

Question 15

percutaneous injury

Answer 15

breaks skin e.g needle , scalpel

Question 16

mucotaneous injury

Answer 16

comes into contact with exposed mucous membranes e.g nose , mouth , eyes

Question 17

examples of dental sharps

Answer 17

needles , scapels , burs , probes , sutures

Question 18

Hep B infection risk

Answer 18

1 in 3 (if unvaccinated)

Question 19

Hep C infection risk

Answer 19

1 in 30

no vaccine against hep C or PEP , however treatment available

Question 20

HIV infection risk

Answer 20

1 in 300

no vaccine but PEP available

Question 21

risk of BBV transfer via mucotaneous injuries

Answer 21

1 in 1000

Question 22

should you reecieve a sharps injury what should you do

Answer 22

1 - encourage wound to bleed
2 - wash with antimicrobial soap and warm water and pat dry with paper towel
3 - cover wound with waterproof dressing
4 - ensure item causing injury safely disposed of
5 - report to senior member of staff who will fill out datix , ask ptx for consent for bloods
6 - call occupational health

Question 23

orange lidded yellow box

Answer 23

sharps, that don’t contain residual medicine

Question 24

blue lidded yellow box

Answer 24

sharps that contain residual medicine

Question 25

waste streams - orange bag

Answer 25

non sharp , potentially infectious items

used ppe, dental dam , cotton wool rolls etc

Question 26

red lidded white or red box

Answer 26

amalgam or amalgam contaminated items, including teeth