PAHOPHYS

Question 1

term for bacteria in urine

Answer 1

bacteriuria

Question 2

term for pus in urine

Answer 2

pyruria

Question 3

term for painful urination

Answer 3

dysuria

Question 4

what is the name of the virulence factor of uropathogenic E. coli that is commonly associated with upper UTIs?

Answer 4

P-fimbriae

think P for Pyelonephritis

Question 5

how do you treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly and pregnant women?

Answer 5

YOU DONT TREAT ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA

Question 6

what do you call an oocyte with a nucleus?

Answer 6

immature oocyte

Question 7

what do you call a mature oocyte that has no nucleus?

Answer 7

mature oocyte (stalled in metaphase II)

Question 8

all primary oocytes are stalled in which phase of meiosis?

Answer 8

prophase I (one primary oocyte completes Meiosis I each month)

Question 9

for each egg that is ovulated there about how many eggs that die?

Answer 9

1000

Question 10

what is the oolemma?

Answer 10

glycoprotein formation forming the zona pellucida

Question 11

a tertiary follicle is aka?

Answer 11

mature graffian follicle

Question 12

what stage is a follicle at when it has multiple layers of granulosa cells starting to make fluid in follicles (and making estrogen)

Answer 12

secondary follicle

Question 13

what are 2 stages of the embryo at which you can transfer the embryo?

Answer 13

8 cell stage or as blastocyst

Question 14

when is a fetus viable?

Answer 14

24.0 weeks

Question 15

what is preterm?

Answer 15

viable to 37 wks

Question 16

what is the definition of viability?

Answer 16

live outside the uterus

Question 17

how does the baby’s head come out of the vagina?

Answer 17

easy the baby’s head out

Question 18

at what age does pregnant mom become high risk?

Answer 18

35 yrs or higher

Question 19

obesity is a form of ___________

Answer 19

malnutrition

Question 20

how many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 20

9 (soy diet has all 9)

Question 21

what is the must know contraindicated teratogenic hypertensive medication?

Answer 21

ACEis

Question 22

what are the 2 types of hypertension of pregnancy?

Answer 22

gestational hypertension (benign)
pre-eclampsia (bad outcomes)

Question 23

what is JPS?

Answer 23

just plain strange syndrome, describes clinical scenario of pre-eclampsia

Question 24

what is pre-eclampsia?

Answer 24

HTN, proteinuria attributable to being pregnant. natural hx–>death

Question 25

what is eclampsia?

Answer 25

pre-eclampsia + convulsions

Question 26

how do you solve the problem of an Rh+ baby and Rh negative mom?

Answer 26

coat the red cells which may contain Rh antigens using IgG so mom doesn’t see antigen (28 wks & 72 hrs) after birth

Question 27

what is gestational Diabetes?

Answer 27

acquiring DM during pregnancy with no pror hx of DM

Question 28

what are some of the risk of developing gestational DM?

Answer 28

prior DM in pregnancy, multiple gestation, advanced maternal age, obesity

Question 29

what can an US in pregnancy tell you?

Answer 29

structure (where & how many)

blood flow

Question 30

what is the strict criteria range for fetal heart rate?

Answer 30

110-160

Question 31

what is labor?

Answer 31

regular phasic contractions sufficient to cause progressive dilation of the cervix

Question 32

what are the 4 phases of labor?

Answer 32

latent phase (<4cm)

1. active phase (4-10 cm)
2. pushing
3. delivery of placenta

Question 33

duration of labor?

Answer 33

latent-no limits
1st phase (active)-actually 1-2 cm/hr
2nd phase-3 hr primip; or 2 hr multip
3rd stage- 1hr

Question 34

when you are assessing for damage during deliver, where are the 4 anatomic locations you will look?

Answer 34

cervical
vaginal wall
perineum
vulvar

Question 35

describe the 4 degrees of perineum lacerations?

Answer 35

1st-skin only
2nd-defect of underlying tissue but not through anal sphincter (have to repair)
3rd-into or through anal sphincter
4th-defect of rectum

Question 36

what are some of the risks of C-section?

Answer 36

increased risk of:
bleeding
infection
intrabdominal scarring
uterine rupture w/ each additional C/S
placenta accreta

Question 37

what factor correlates the most with rates of maternal death?

Answer 37

skilled birth attendant

Question 38

define maternal mortality

Answer 38

death occurring during pregnancy, or w/i 6 wks of delivery, excluding accidents, or if the pregnancy is incidental to cause of death

Question 39

what is the maternal mortality ratio (MMR)?

Answer 39

deaths / 100,000 live births in one year

Question 40

what is the maternal mortality rate?

Answer 40

deaths / # women of reproductive age

Question 41

what does MMR tell us?

Answer 41

• reflects overall effectiveness of country’s healthcare system
• identifies specific gaps in care regarding women’s health
• identifies source of societal losses
• -productivity
• -motherless children

Question 42

in the US what percentage of all maternal deaths are preventable?

Answer 42

50%

Question 43

what are some specific medical causes of maternal deaths?

Answer 43

HTN in pregnancy
infection
Pulmonary embolism
amniotic fluid embolism
hemorrhage
heart dz

Question 44

describe the racial disparity when it comes to maternal mortality?

Answer 44

black:white 4:1
education isn’t independent risk factor
income isn’t an independent risk factor

Question 45

what is one way that we have been successful in reducing the maternal mortality rate?

Answer 45

massive transfusion protocols

Question 46

what kinds of pts are responsible for high morbidity associated with pregnancy?

Answer 46

extremes of age (young age accounts for part of racial disparity)

Question 47

what are some of the morbidities associated with pregnancy?

Answer 47

hysterectomy, transfusion, eclampsia

Question 48

What is the biggest risk for breast cancer?

Answer 48

age

Question 49

define peripartum caridiomyopathy

Answer 49

development of cardiac failure in teh last month of pregnancy or w/i 5 months after delivery