PATHOLOGY

Question 1

what dz of the penis occurs almost exclusively in the uncircumcised?

Answer 1

squamous cell carcinoma of the penis

Question 2

during which phase do testes fail to descend and thus cause cryptoorchidism?

Answer 2

MC in inguinoscrotal phase (takes testis from brim of pelvis into scrotum)
-90-95% of cases

Question 3

the fried egg appearance on microscopy refers to what testicular neoplasm?

Answer 3

seminoma

Question 4

term for lining of body passages and cavities that communicate directly or indirectly w/ the exterior (commonly containing mucin-secreting glands)

Answer 4

mucosa

Question 5

term for outermost layer of an organ in a serosal cavity consisting of fibroelastic tissue covered by mesothelium continuous w/ the lining of the cavity

Answer 5

serosa

Question 6

term for acellular fibrous (collagenous) membrane separating the organized cellular elements of a tissue from the interstitium

Answer 6

basement membrane

Question 7

name the term: the purely cellular avascular layer covering & lining all the external & internal surfaces of the body & associated glands

Answer 7

epithelium

Question 8

name the term: the supportive connective tissue around the parenchyma

Answer 8

stroma

Question 9

how would a granulosa cell tumor manifest clinically in a child?

Answer 9

precocious puberty

Question 10

how would a granulosa cell tumor manifest clinically in an adult?

Answer 10

abnormal uterine bleeding

Question 11

would a granulosa cell tumor manifest differently after menopause?

Answer 11

yes mass lesion would be slow growing and produce androgens–>hirsutism

Question 12

70% of ovarian tumors, including 90% of malignant ones are from the serosal surface why?

Answer 12

because there is rupture and repair of this surface every month

Question 13

what is the decidual reaction?

Answer 13

around the surround stroma: characterized by enlargement of the decidual stromal cells and glycogen storage

Question 14

what percent of clinically negative nodes have breast cancer tumor?

Answer 14

40%

Question 15

what percent of clinically + nodes do not have breast cancer tumor?

Answer 15

15%

Question 16

mammography can detect what size tumors via microcalcification?

Answer 16

1-2 mm

Question 17

microcals are present in what percentage of breast cancer carcinomas?

Answer 17

50%

Question 18

what percent of suspicious microcals turn out to be breast cancer carcinoma?

Answer 18

20%

Question 19

what is the most important breast cancer prognostic factor for dz free, overall survival, and Rx regiment?

Answer 19

axillary lymph node mets

Question 20

what is more common DCIS or LCIS?

Answer 20

DCIS

Question 21

what are some contraindications to breast conserving surgery ?

Answer 21

• tumor size: if tumor is large component of small breast
• prev. radiation
• multicentric dz
• pregnancy
• persistent positive margins
• relative: collagen vascular dz, multifocal dz, large breasts

Question 22

if pt has breast cancer how do you determine if the pt gets adjuvant systemic therapy?

Answer 22

Tumor size >1cm
ER/PR negative >5mm
Her2 positive >5 mm
Nodes positive

Question 23

what is the single most important prognostic factor of epithelial ovarian tumors?

Answer 23

clinical stage at time of detection

Question 24

most common type of ovarian tumor?

Answer 24

surface epithelial tumor

Question 25

Most kind of germ cell tumor in women?

Answer 25

cystic teratoma (benign)

Question 26

what is the 2nd most common type of ovarian tumor?

Answer 26

germ cell tumor

Question 27

name the tissue that these tumors are derived from: | cystic teratoma and embryonal carcinoma

Answer 27

fetal tissue

Question 28

name the tissue that these tumor come from: | dysgerminoma & seminoma

Answer 28

Oocytes/spermatozoa

Question 29

name the tissue that endodermal sinus tumors come from

Answer 29

yolk sac

Question 30

name the tissue that choriocarcinoma is derived from

Answer 30

placental tissue

Question 31

what kind of cancer arises in the cysts that are formed from the central region of a persistent urachus?

Answer 31

adenocarcinoma

Question 32

name the pathology: protrusion of the bladder into the vagina, creating a pouch

Answer 32

cystocele

Question 33

name the parasite that can cause squamous cell carcinoma in the bladder?

Answer 33

schistosoma hematobium

Question 34

what kind of pts get TCC?

Answer 34

Males: female 3:1 | older than 50

Question 35

where anatomically do TCC of bladder arise from?

Answer 35

lateral or posterior walls at the bladder base

Question 36

which neoplasm makes a lot of AFP?

Answer 36

yolk sac tumors

Question 37

which neoplasm makes a lot of hCG?

Answer 37

choriocarcinoma

Question 38

which neoplasm has the reinke crystals?

Answer 38

Leydig tumors

Question 39

which neoplasm has the schiller duvall bodies?

Answer 39

yolk sac tumors

Question 40

which breast tumor is often multicentric and BILATERAL?

Answer 40

LCIS

Question 41

name the pathology that has a blue dome cyst

Answer 41

fibrocystic change

Question 42

this pathology has apocrine metaplasia, stromal fibrosis, and sclerosing adenosis

Answer 42

fibrocystic change

Question 43

name the breast pathology: The mass is excised and grossly appears soft and fleshy. On microscopic examination this mass has a lymphoid stroma with little fibrosis surrounding sheets of large vesicular cells with frequent mitoses

Answer 43

medullary carcinoma

Question 44

name the pathology: lumpy bumpy feeling on breast exam

Answer 44

fibrocystic change

Question 45

name the breast pathology: bulky tumor derived from stromal cells (stromal cellularity)

Answer 45

phyllodes tumor

Question 46

DES exposure predisposes to what kind of cancer?

Answer 46

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Question 47

what is the most common cause of adenocarcinoma of the bladder?

Answer 47

urachal cyst remnant

Question 48

if you are an egyptian and get schistosomiasis what kind of cancer are you most likely to get?

Answer 48

squamous cell carcinoma (70%) | -TCC (30%)

Question 49

if you see a grape-like mass protruding from the urethral surface you know it is probably a _____________

Answer 49

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (sarcoma botryoides)

Question 50

name the pathology: bag of worms appearance

Answer 50

varicocele

Question 51

what is the most common cause of scrotal enlargement?

Answer 51

hydrocele

Question 52

which tumor has characteristic Schiller-duval bodies that look like primitive glomeruli?

Answer 52

yolk sac tumor

Question 53

what is PSA?

Answer 53

It's a protease that increases sperm motility and maintains seminal secretions in the liquid state

Question 54

term for membranous sac surrounding fetus containing serous fluid essential for fluid development

Answer 54

amnion

Question 55

term for plate-shaped tissue under part of amniotic sac containing fetal blood vessels that branch into villi projecting into space filled w/ maternal blood

Answer 55

chorion

Question 56

term for syncytium of cells forming outer covering of chorionic villi, which thin out their cytoplasm & let their clumped nuclei hang off villi in syncytial knots to minimize diffusion barrier

Answer 56

syncytiotrophoblast

Question 57

which ovarian tumor has psammoma bodies?

Answer 57

serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary

Question 58

what type of cancer has classic signet-ring type cytology?

Answer 58

invasive lobular carcinoma