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Pain Flashcards

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1
Q

What aspects does OT address with pain

A

biophysical
psychological
social

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2
Q

Chracteristics of acute pain

A

last sec-days
no longer than 6mo
sudden onset

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3
Q

What is the function of acute pain

A

Warning or protection

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4
Q

What accompanies acute pain

A

inflammation and more localized

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5
Q

What is chronic pain

A 
Recurs at intervals 
more generalized
6mo +
Anguish, depression
Dull aching
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6
Q

What is referred pain

A

Pain perceived to be in areas other than where the nociceptors are stimulated
tigger points are often present

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7
Q

What is nocioceptive pain

A

Specific to a stimulus
hot
sharp
issue irritation

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8
Q

What is the type of pain response dependent on

A

excitatory inputs
C fibers
A delta fibers

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9
Q

characteristics of C fibers

A

Slower
onset after stimulus
pain is dull, throbbing, aching, burning
ma be accompanied by increased HR, sweating, difficult to withstand for long periods

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10
Q

Characteristics of A delta fibers

A

move quickly
onset at time of stimulus
sharp, stabbing, prickling

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11
Q

What is the order of activation of nociceptors

A

Nociceptors to PNS to Spinal cord to Brain then back to body part

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12
Q

What is visceral pain

A

subtype of nociceptive pain

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13
Q

Characteristics of Nociceptive pain

A

sudden onset
poorly localized
viscus

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14
Q

What is viscus

A

organ of the digestive, respiratory, urogenital, endocrine system

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15
Q

Characteristics of somatic pain

A

constant
localized
Somatic

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16
Q

What is somatic

A

relating to the body in general; skeletal muscle

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17
Q

What causes neuropathic pain

A

illness or injury to the PNS or CNS

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18
Q

What does neuropathic pain feel like

A

Burning
lancinating, sharp, knife like
Electric, shock like

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19
Q

What can trigger neuropathic pain

A

non painful stimulus (light touch, cool breeze)

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20
Q

Examples of neuropathic pain

A

Fibromyalgia

complex regional pain syndrome

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21
Q

How to treat neuropathic pain

A

proactively and quickly b/c it can be indicitive of a more serious issue

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22
Q

What is the concept of the neuromatrix theory

Study These Flashcards
A

pain is produced by the output of a neural network in the brain

23
Q

Characterisitcs of the neruromatrix theory

Study These Flashcards
A

genetically determined
modified by sensory experience
mechanism that generates the neural pattern produces pain
somatic seonsry input= only 1 factor contributing to pain

24
Q

Concept of the gate control theory

Study These Flashcards
A

modulation of peripheral stimuli occurs in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

25
What do large a beta fibers do
close the gate (don't allow message to go through) | inhibitory input
26
Wat do small c fibers do
open the gate (allows message to go through)
27
What is the basis of the theory for TENS
Gate control
28
What is severity of pain determined by in the gate control theory
balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs
29
Treatment in the gate control theory
used to treat acute pain tx applied at site of pain efffects of tx last for duration of tx and shortly after pleasant sensation
30
What is the concept of the opiate-mediated pain theory
endogenous opioids affect both the CNS and PNS through the interaction of specific chemo-receptors and pain mediating substances
31
What is the endorphin theory utilized for
chronic pain
32
Characteristics of the endorphin theory
Tx applied at and around site effects last beyond tx often unpleasant noxious stimuli or less bearable persisting pain
33
main idea of the endorphin theory
decrease bad chemicals and increase good endorphins
34
What is the biophysical approach
multifaceted reaction based on anatomical, physiological, chemical, and psycholgical pactors
35
What does the biophysical approach take into account
behavioral, cognitive-affective, and environmental factors
36
What is a holistic tx approach to pain
Biophysical approach
37
What kind of pain responds well to pams
Acute pain
38
Why do pams not work well for chronic pain
bc there is no actual tissue damage
39
Treatment for chronic pain
``` Limited use of PAMS Behavior mod pt. edu Med general conditioning TENS ```
40
What do referred pain trigger points not respond to
Pams
41
How to stimulate trigger points
``` Acute overload overwork fatigue cold direct trauma to the muscles illness (flu) stress ```
42
what are trigger points
small localized hyersensative areas located in the muscle or fascia
43
Diagnostic criteria for tigger points
tenderness in a hyperirratible spot w/in a palpable taut band a local twitch response elicited referrred pain w/ palpitation
44
What are the 2 most common sources of pain seen clinically
peripheral neurogenic | peripheral nociceptive
45
where is peripheral neurogenic pain
neural tissue
46
Signs of perpheral neurogenic
limitations in motion pain parathesias sensory changes
47
where is peripheral nociceptive pain
Often mechanical
48
Symptom of peripheral nociceptive pain
Inflammation
49
What to peripheral neurogenic and nociceptive respond well to
intervention
50
What to do in an initial eval for pain
find the underlying pathology | e.g. sprain, tear, fracture, infection, obstruction, arthritis, autoimmune disorder
51
Autonomic or sympathetic symptoms
Nausea Sweating flushing sensation of hot or cold in affected area
52
What to look at in a pain assessment
``` Description of pain dev of it and history location pattern of it over time what exacerbates or diminishes it functional lvl or impairment previous interventions ```
53
Physiological responses to pain
``` Muscle spasms Guarding Fatigue Fear Weakness ```

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