Tens

Question 1

What is tens

Answer 1

Application of electrical stimulation for pain control

Question 2

Does the endorphin theory a.k.a. opiate mediated theory

Answer 2

Decreases the perception of pain
stimulation of the bodies all natural pain reliever’s
simulation to muscle contraction level encourages release of natural endorphins

Question 3

What is acupuncture theory

Answer 3

Tens stimulates acupuncture points in the same meridian using traditional acupuncture points
cause vasodilation to occur

Question 4

What are the four types of stimulation

Answer 4

Subsensory level
sensory level
motor level
noxious level

Question 5

How do you achieve a different level of sensation

Answer 5

By changing rate, pulse width and intensely

Question 6

What is the Subsensory level

Answer 6

Currents of ion movement in a biological tissues

Approximated the naturally occuring bio electric current found in the body

Question 7

What is the Subsensory level used for

Answer 7

Pain
Depression
Anxiety

Question 8

What is Subsensory intended to do

Answer 8

Realign the natural current flow in the body

Question 9

What level does conventional tens use

Answer 9

Sensory

Question 10

What does the sensory lvl do

Answer 10

Produces a cutaneous paresthesia (pins and needles)

Question 11

What does the sensory level affect

Answer 11

Large afferent a fibers

Question 12

What are indications for sensory level 10

Answer 12

Acute pain
pain with positional or dynamic stretch
joint mobilization

Question 13

Where should electrode placement be in sensory level

Answer 13

On or near the location of reported pain

Question 14

What should the sensory level feel like

Answer 14

Comfy buzzing no contraction

Question 15

When is pain relief felt on sensory level

Answer 15

5 min
May last up to one hour
Accommodation frequently occurs

Question 16

What is motor level

Answer 16

Current is strong enough to cause contraction

Like a tremor twitch or smooth contraction

Question 17

What is motor level used for

Answer 17

Chronic pain

Question 18

What is sensory level known as

Answer 18

High rate tens

Question 19

What is motor level known as

Answer 19

Acupuncture or low rate tens

Question 20

Electrode placement in motor level

Answer 20

Over motor point

Over segmental nerve roots corresponding with location of pain

Question 21

Indications for motor level

Answer 21

Chronic pain
Relief felt 15-60 min
Last for more that one hour

Question 22

What is the noxious level

Answer 22

Brief and intense
Last choice
Produces motor response

Question 23

What is noxious level used for

Answer 23

Chronic pain
Debridement
Passive stretch
Minor surgery

Question 24

What is cranial electrotherapy stimulation

Answer 24

Applied to head attached to ears

Question 25

What is ces used for

Answer 25

``` Anxiety Depression Insomnia Stress Drug addiction Migraines pain ```

Question 26

What is inferential electrical stimulation.

Answer 26

Two medium frequency electrical currents | Waves cross and intersect each other allowing current to penetrate deeper

Question 27

What is ies used for

Answer 27

``` Stimulate sensory motor and pain fibers Desperate than tens Pain relief Mm stim Increase blood flow Edema control ```

Question 28

Where to place tens electrodes

Answer 28

Motor points Trigger points Acupuncture points

Question 29

What are large ectrodes for

Answer 29

generalized pain | Multiple electrode set ups

Question 30

What are small electrodes for

Answer 30

Deep localized pain Greater current density Small areas like face and hands

Question 31

What do you use parallel placement of electrodes for

Answer 31

Scars Surgical incision Painful site

Question 32

What do you use a bracket for

Answer 32

Outside margin of painful area | Channel 1 proximal and 2 distal to pain

Question 33

What is closed tens for

Answer 33

Shoulder Elbow Wrist Hand

Question 34

What is linear placement for

Answer 34

Along distribution of referred pain, peripheral nerve, dermatomes

Question 35

What is unilateral placement for

Answer 35

Placed on same side of body

Question 36

Where is bilateral placement

Answer 36

``` Both sides of body Perihperal joint Spine Face Opposite extremity ```

Question 37

When is Contralateral placement best

Answer 37

When area is irritable, hyperesthesic, inaccessible

Question 38

Contraindications

Answer 38

``` Pacemaker Over carotid sinus Pregnant Anterior neck Cardiac disease Epilepsy Over eyes Mucosal surfaces CNS disorders Confused or noncomplaint Kids Thrombosis PeripherAl vascular disease Infection Decreased sensation. ```

Question 39

What is the gate control theory

Answer 39

Simulation of non-nociceptors interferes with the transmission of sensation from nociceptors to the higher cortical areas