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Physiology > Pancreas And Bile > Flashcards

Pancreas And Bile Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Explain motility in the small and large intestine

A

Propulsion through segmentation

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2
Q

Which cells secrete mucus in both small and large intestine

A

Goblet cells

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3
Q

Does digestion take place in the large intestine?

A

No unless by bacteria

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4
Q

What gets digested in the small intestine

A

Carbs , fats, peptides and nucleic acids

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5
Q

What gets absorbed by active transport in small intestine

A

Peptides and vitamins

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6
Q

What gets absorbed via secondary AT in small intestine

A

Glucose

AA

Fructose

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7
Q

What gets absorbed by simple diffusion in small intestine

A

Fats

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8
Q

How does bile from liver get to gall bladder for storage before going to duodenum (SI)

A

Common hepatic duct

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9
Q

What opening allows bile to get from gall bladder to duodenum

A

Common bile duct and pancreatic duct

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10
Q

Where in the duodenum does bile go

A

Ampulla of vatar

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11
Q

Where does primary secretion of pancreatic juice come from and what is in it

A

Acinar cells from the acinus

Fluid with enzymes and HCO

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12
Q

Why is pancreatic juice at ph 8

A

Neutralise duodenal acid

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13
Q

How does fluid join to the common bile duct to duodenum

A

Acinar cells

Intralobular duct

Interlobular duct

Common duct

Common bile duct

Duodenum

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14
Q

What cells make pancreatic juice HCO rich

A

Duct cells

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15
Q

What are the 3 proteolytic enzymes in pancreas

A

Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Elastase

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16
Q

Which 2 lipolytic enzymes are there in pancreas for fat digestion in small intestine

A

Lipase

Phospholipase

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17
Q

What are enzymes secreted as which are inactive

A

Zymogens

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18
Q

What do zymogens do which allows activation of other enzymes

A

Convert trypsinogen to trypsin via proteolytic cleavage / peptide cleavage

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19
Q

Which enzymes cleaves trypsinogen to trypsin via zymogens

A

Enterokinase

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20
Q

Give example of pro enzyme activated from trypsin

A

Chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin

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21
Q

Where is protein digestion completed via proteases/peptidases

A

Intestinal brush border membrane or cytosol

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22
Q

Is pancreatic acinar secretion isotonic

23
Q

How does HCO get transported into duct cells before it can be transported out of apical side to the secretion

Study These Flashcards
A

HCO/na symporter

24
Q

What allows na to be high enough outside of duct cells to sumport HCO in

Study These Flashcards
A

Na/k ATPase

H/na ATPase

25
How does HCO get released from duct cells into isotonic solution
HCO / Cl antiporter
26
What maintains Cl outside apical membrane to transport HCO out
Gets removed via CFTR
27
Why is there damage to pancreatic digestion in cf
They can’t transport Cl out so HCO/Cl antiporter doesn’t work Fluid isn’t produced
28
Which substance from which types of cells increases HCO from duct cells when acid too high
S cells secrete secretin in duodenum
29
Which hormone from I cells in duodenum causes enzyme secretion from acinar cells when it detects high fat and protein
CCK
30
How does vagus act on acinar cells
Ach down vagus allows more enzyme secretion for digestion
31
How can CCK from I cells indirectly cause increased digestion
Acts on ach to stimulate acinar cells to secrete fluid
32
Does CCK from I cells increase bile release ?
Yes
33
S cells releasing secretin causes high HCO from duct cells for neutralisation. What else is neutralised
Stomach acid
34
What allows water movement in duct cells for na and H2O secretion
Paracellular movement between junctions in duct cells
35
What are the 2 roles of bile
Elimination of waste : bilirubin, cholesterol, drugs Promotes lipid digestion and absorption
36
Where is bile secreted into canaliculi (gall bladder) from
Hepatocytes in liver down the common hepatic duct
37
How does bile enter the duodenum
Common bile duct
38
Do bile ducts secrete HCO?
Yes
39
Which 3 things make up bile
Biliary lipids (including bile acids/salts) Bile pigment
40
What are the 3 biliary lipids
Bile acids/salts Phospholipids Cholesterol
41
What are bile acids/salts for
Keep cholesterol in solution
42
How is bile pigment bilirubin transported to the liver
Albumin
43
What are bile acids like cholic acids produced by
Cholesterol in liver | Or primary modification of cholesterol by bacteria
44
What are bile acids conjugated to to increase solubility in water
Glycine or tauro
45
What is the major importance of bile salts in lipid digestion and absorption
Emulsification of lipids via bile increases SA for lipase
46
How does bile salts go through enterohepatic recirculation
They get produced in liver and released down common bile duct to the duodenum where they are used and reabsorbed in ileum back via the portal vein
47
How can bile salts coat lipids/cholesterol to digest emulsify them for lipase
They are amphiphillic Attach via hydrophobic Opposite side facing water
48
What does the gall bladder do to bile
Concentrated it with lipids etc
49
If bile acid was too high, what would be secreted by S cells and why
Secretin | It stimulates HCO release by bile duct cells
50
What causes gall bladder contraction to control biliary secretion
CCK from I cells (increase bile when lipids and fats are high)
51
How can ach control digestion of lipids/fat
Act down vagal nerve to acinar cells for increased enzymes down bile
52
Why do gall stones happen
Failure of bile salts to keep cholesterol in solution
53
What are pigment stones
Bilirubin which hasn’t been conjugated and becomes insoluble

Physiology (31 decks)

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