paper 1 - didn't know Flashcards by zoe coyne

when should urine culture be used to diagnose UTI

women aged > 65 years
recurrent UTI (2 episodes in 6 months or 3 in 12 months)
pregnant women
men
visible or non-visible haematuria

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which antibiotics should statins not be combined with

macrolides
- clarithromycin and erythromycin

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what are the three criteria for who gets PEP for chickenpox exposure

significant exposure
immunosuppressed, neonates and pregnant women
no antibodies to the varicella virus

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what causes upper lobe fibrosis

C- Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
H - Histiocytosis/ hypersensitivity pneumonitis
A - Ankylosing spondylitis
R - Radiation
T - Tuberculosis
S - Silicosis/sarcoidosis

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PE Ix in renal impairment

V/Q scan

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grave’s antibodies

IgG anti-TSH

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murmur for co-arctation of the aorta

mid systolic

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when do you give pneumococcal vaccine in splenectomy

two weeks before surgery

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insulin in DKA

fixed rate insulin then continue long acting and stop short acting

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Mx of shingles

within 72 hours: oral antivirals
paracetamol and NSAIDs for pain relief

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onset of wet ARMD

more like months/weeks

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onset of dry ARMD

years or decades

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when do you start anti-coag in AF with stroke

2 weeks after

in a TIA it’s immediately

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when can you not give fondaparinux

high bleeding risk

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acute heart failure not responding to treatment

CPAP

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what would be seen in stool in giardiasis

a protozoan parasite

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what are sulphonamides

they all begin with sulpha

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what defines bradycardia

< 60

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UTI in pregnant women in third trimester

amoxicillin or cefalexin

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cor pulmonale presentation

so its right sided HF that develops into lung disease
- raised JVP
- ankle oedema
- hepatomegaly

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how long does campy last

5-7 days

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which pneumonia causes autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

mycoplasma pneumoniae

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After an initial negative result when testing for HIV in an asymptomatic patient, offer a repeat test at…..

12 weeks

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for patients with established cardiovascular disease, what dose of statin

80mg

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normal anion gap range

8-14

what's the most common cause of viral meningitis in adults

enteroviruses herpes simplex is encephalitis

is amitriptyline safe in pregnancy

yes

pleural plaques Mx

they are benign - dont need any follow up

Mx of spasms in MS

baclofen OR gabapentin

signs of aortic regurgitation

- early diastolic murmur - collapsing pulse - nailbed pulsation - head bobbing

mitral stenosis signs

malar flush on cheeks atrial fibrillation **loud S1** **diastolic rumble** (best heard at apex with the patient in left lateral position)

what type of shock: low heart rate, flushed peripheries

neurogenic - loss of sympathetic outflow means hypotension, bradycardia + warm peripheries due to vasodilation and inability to constrict

main cause of cardiogenic shock

ischaemic heart disease - or direct heart trauma - would see ECG changes

complication of correcting hypernatraemia quickly

cerebral oedema

complication of correcting hyponatraemia quickly

central pontine demyelination

first line imaging for thyroid nodules

ultrasound

treatment of femoral hernia

immediate repair - mad risk of strangulation

pre renal disease urine osmolality

> 500 high concentration of solutes

urine sodium in pre renal AKI

low - kidneys hold onto sodium

K > 4.5 what hypertension drug can be added

alpha or beta blocker

K < 4.5 what hypertension drug can be added

low dose spironolactone

pericarditis ECG

PR depression

what indicates worse outcome after MI

lung crackles pulmonary oedema cardiogenic shock anything that indicates HF

minimal change disease - nephrotic or nephritic

nephrotic

post-strep GN - nephritic or nephrotic

nephritic

aspirin in AKI?

yes! okay at cardioprotective dose of 75mg OD

influenza then pneumona, which type

staph aureus

what would bicarb be to compensate for acidosis

high!! so if its low aswell in resp acidosis then it's mixed acidosis

what should all patients with severe or life threatening asthma get give

nebulised salbutamol oral prednisolone ipratropium bromide

what is tiotropium

LAMA

what's ipatropium

SAMA

UC flare in the distal colon

rectal aminosalicylate

podocyte fusion and effacement of foot processes on electron microscopy management?

minimal change disease prednisolone

person on anti-coagulants when scan brain?

within 8 hours

is warfarin safe to continue in AKI

yes

is digoxin safe to continue in AKI

first line Mx chronic plaque psoriasis

potent corticosteroid plus vitamin D analogue

example of a potent corticosteroid

betamethasone

syphilis TPHA positive

antibodies - so previous or current infection

VDRL negative syphilis

no current infection

threshold for transfusion in CKD

below 70

triad of encephalopathy, jaundice and coagulopathy

acute liver failure

immediate mangement of acute limb ischaemia

IV opioids IV heparin

acute anal fissure < 1 week

bulk forming laxitives

what test confirms acromegaly

Serum IGF-1 levels

is patient conscious in VF

no!!!!!!!!

how can you tell difference between lung collapse and pleural effusion on cxr

where the trachea is in lung collapse trachea is towards the collapse in pleural effusion its away from it

exudative pleural effusion protein level

- > 30

what other parameters for exudative pleural effusion

pleural fluid protein divided by serum protein >0.5 pleural fluid LDH divided by serum LDH >0.6 pleural fluid LDH more than two-thirds the upper limits of normal serum LDH

low glucose pleural fluid

rheumatoid arthritis tuberculosis if < 1.6 then = empyema

raised amylase pleural fluid

pancreatitis oesophageal perforation

low compliment pleural fluid

SLE

heavy blood staining pleural fluid

mesothelioma PE TB

management of septic or penumonia pleural effusion

if the pleural fluid is purulent or cloudy/turbid = chest tube if the fluid is clear but pH < 7.2 = chest tube

tear drop shaped SCALY rash after a strep infection

guttate psoriasis

causes of higher than expected levels of HbA1c (like not in a diabetic)

- vitamin B12/folic acid deficiency - iron deficiency - splenectomy | due to increase red blood cell life span

causes of lower HbA1c than expected

- sickle cell - G6PD deficiency - hereditary spherocytosis - haemodialysis | due to a reduced red blood cell lifespan

unilateral ptosis

CN 3 PALSY

unilateral partial ptosis

horner's

pleural fluid LDH levels > 1000

empyema or malignancy | then is cell cytology normal its empyema

enterovirus that causes meningitis

coxsakie or echovirus

right bundle branch block

MARROW M in v1 and W in V6

causes of right bundle branch block

right ventricle stuff (from the lungs) - PE - cor pulmonale

what drugs can cause SIADH

sulfonylureas* SSRIs, tricyclics carbamazepine vincristine cyclophosphamide

treatment of blepharitis

hot compress + removal of debris artificial tears

CSF protein in guillan barre

raised

paper 1 - didn't know Flashcards

(88 cards)