Paper 2 Case Studies Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
What long-term environmental issues result from Canada’s oil sands?
A
6,000 km of boreal forest destroyed.
2
Q
How has Detroit been affected by deindustrialisation?
A
60% population decline since 1950.
3
Q
How does Costa Rica combat environmental damage?
A
98% of electricity from renewable sources.
4
Q
How does Sweden approach waste management?
A
99% of household waste recycled.
5
Q
How does Belgium’s low GIl relate to income?
A
0.070 GIl, high national income.
6
Q
What is the UK gender pay gap in 2023?
A
8.9% gender pay gap for full-time work.
7
Q
How do TNCs affect deindustrialised regions like Detroit?
A
60% population decline since 1950.
8
Q
What is the estimated cost to clean up environmental damage in deindustrialised regions?
A
$2.5 billion estimated cost to clean up Detroit.
9
Q
What is the global impact of global supply chains?
A
17% of global CO2 emissions from shipping.
10
Q
What is the impact of transportation networks on the environment?
A
Air freight emits 12 times more CO2 than sea freight.
11
Q
How does ICT improvement reduce environmental impact?
A
50% reduction in business travel CO2 due to remote work.
12
Q
What is Ecuador’s tax policy’s impact on TNCs?
A
TNC tax increases under Correa raised $2.4 billion.
13
Q
How do Bolivia’s policies impact TNCs?
A
20% increase in state control over natural resources.
14
Q
What is gender equality’s relationship with maternal health?
A
Countries with higher GIl have 25% lower maternal mortality rates.
15
Q
What is the role of education in gender equality and national income?
A
12% higher GDP growth for countries with gender-equal education systems.
16
Q
How does high female participation improve economic outcomes?
A
$12 trillion potential global GDP increase with gender equality.
17
Q
What is the impact of high GIl on national income?
A
Bahrain has high income despite 0.49 GIl.
18
Q
How does maternal health impact economic growth?
A
30% economic loss from poor maternal health.
19
Q
What are the economic consequences of gender inequality?
A
Gender inequality costs $160 trillion globally.
20
Q
How does education reduce gender inequality in developing nations?
A
Each additional year of education raises women’s income by 10%.
21
Q
How does the gender gap affect business leadership?
A
30% of global leadership roles held by women.
22
Q
How do high GNI countries still experience gender inequality?
A
18% average gender pay gap in high-income countries.
23
Q
How does maternal education contribute to national income?
A
20% increase in income from each additional year of maternal education.
24
Q
How did regeneration in cities like Manchester and Birmingham bring social benefits?
A
£1 billion investment, 20,000 jobs, improved infrastructure.
25
How did the spread of Westernized culture influence diets in Asia?
700% rise in meat consumption, environmental impacts.
26
How did Westernisation affect language diversity globally?
230 languages extinct, rise of 'Globish' and English dominance.
27
What percentage of vacant lots are located near Detroit's city center?
Approximately 50% of vacant lots are near the city center or its immediate vicinity.
28
How much of Detroit's population has left the city since 1950?
Detroit's population has fallen by 60% from 1.8 million in 1950 to around 700,000 today.
29
What percentage of local residents feel excluded from regeneration in some areas?
30% of local residents report feeling excluded from regeneration efforts.
30
How many fracking licenses have been granted in deindustrialised areas?
Over 100 fracking licenses have been granted in areas hit by deindustrialisation.
31
What percentage of the UK fracking licenses are in economically disadvantaged areas?
80% of UK fracking licenses are located in economically struggling regions.
32
How much has HS2 cost, and which areas benefit the most?
The HS2 project is projected to cost around £106 billion, mainly benefiting central England.
33
What is the projected economic impact of HS2 on the UK?
The project is expected to generate £15 billion in economic benefits by boosting productivity.
34
What age group saw the largest increase in many coastal areas due to migration?
The 65+ age group has seen a significant increase due to retirement migration.
35
By what percentage did ethnic diversity increase in some urban areas over the last decade?
Ethnic diversity has increased by 15% in some urban areas due to migration.
36
What is the percentage of student population in some university towns?
In university towns, students may make up to 20-25% of the population.
37
What percentage of the population in areas like Hyson Green is unemployed?
Areas like Hyson Green have an unemployment rate of around 25%.
38
What is the average household income in areas like Wollaton Park compared to Hyson Green?
Average household income in Wollaton Park is £40,000, while in Hyson Green it is closer to £20,000.
39
What is the rate of temporary contracts in deprived areas?
35% of jobs in some deprived areas are temporary or zero-hour contracts.
40
How much has investment helped reduce deprivation in certain areas?
Areas receiving regeneration investment have seen a 10-15% reduction in income deprivation.
41
What is the voter turnout in deprived areas like Middlesbrough?
Voter turnout in Middlesbrough is as low as 30%, compared to higher turnouts in wealthier areas.
42
How much lower is political engagement in deprived areas compared to more affluent areas?
Political engagement can be 20-25% lower in deprived areas.
43
What percentage of voters in deprived areas feel disconnected from politics?
Around 40% of voters in deprived areas report feeling disconnected from the political system.
44
How many visitors does the Eden Project attract annually?
Over 1 million visitors per year.
45
What was the population of Glasgow in 2021?
Approximately 635,000 people.
46
How many athletes competed in the London 2012 Olympics?
10,500 athletes from 204 countries.
47
What was the estimated cost of the Olympic Park regeneration in London?
£1.1 billion for the park.
48
How many jobs were created by the Markham Vale regeneration project?
Over 1,500 new jobs.
49
What was the unemployment rate in Bristol, South West, in 2021?
Around 4.5% unemployment rate.
50
What percentage of rural areas in the UK face depopulation?
Around 60% of rural areas.
51
How much did Swansea's regeneration project cost?
£1 billion for city regeneration.
52
How many people live in the Stratford area of East London after regeneration?
Approximately 25,000 new residents.
53
What is the average wage in less successful urban regions, like parts of the South West?
Around £500 per week.
54
How many jobs were created at the Eden Project?
Over 650 jobs created.
55
How many visitors does Stratford's Olympic Park attract annually?
Around 5 million visitors per year.
56
What is the population of the Swansea area post-regeneration?
Over 240,000 people in Swansea.
57
What was the cost of the regeneration of Markham Vale?
£90 million for the regeneration.
58
How much did the London 2012 Olympics contribute to UK GDP?
£2.1 billion contributed to UK GDP.
59
How many jobs were created by the regeneration of the Olympic Park?
Around 20,000 new jobs.
60
What was the unemployment rate in Glasgow as of 2021?
Around 6.3% unemployment rate.
61
How many new homes were built in Stratford after the London Olympics?
Over 11,000 new homes.
62
What is the number of new businesses created in the Markham Vale area?
Over 60 new businesses.
63
What percentage of rural areas experience higher-than-average unemployment?
Around 18% of rural areas.
64
What is the unemployment rate in Flanders?
5.8% (2020).
65
What is the unemployment rate in Walloon?
11.5% (2020).
66
What percentage of children live in poverty in Portland, Dorset?
17.2%.
67
What is the life expectancy in Walloon?
79 years.
68
What is the life expectancy in Flanders?
81.5 years.
69
What is the GDP per capita in Flanders?
€40,000.
70
What is the GDP per capita in Walloon?
€28,000.
71
What is the cost of the Crossrail project?
£15.9 billion.
72
What is the population of Newham, London?
350,000.
73
What is the unemployment rate in Cornwall (a rural area dependent on primary industries)?
Around 7.6% (2019).
74
What is the unemployment rate in Blackpool, a declining seaside town?
9.3% (2020).
75
What is the unemployment rate in Mansfield, a former coal mining town?
6.6% (2020).
76
What is the approach of areas like Bronté Country to tourism?
Maintain literary image, attract visitors.
77
How has Cornwall used flagship projects in regeneration?
The Eden Project, knowledge-based economy.
78
What percentage did the Lake District National Park increase in size in 2015?
24% (1,400 square kilometers added).
79
What percentage did the Yorkshire Dales National Park increase in size in 2015?
3% (700 square kilometers added).
80
How much land was added to the Lake District National Park in 2015?
1,400 square kilometers.
81
How much land was added to the Yorkshire Dales National Park in 2015?
700 square kilometers.
82
What percentage of rural homes in some areas have been bought as second homes, impacting local housing?
Varies, but significant in areas like Cornwall and other rural regions.
83
What demonstrates Russia's belief in hard power?
Increased military spending since 2000.
84
By how much did Russia increase military spending from 2000 to 2017?
Increased 7x between 2000-2017.
85
How much less did China spend on military than the USA in 2017?
China spent 3x less.
86
How much did the USA spend on military relative to all major powers in 2017?
Over 50% of total spending.
87
How much oil is in the South China Sea?
11 billion barrels.
88
How much natural gas is in the South China Sea?
190 trillion cubic feet.
89
When did Russia annex Crimea?
In 2014.
90
How does China's military spending compare to the USA's?
3x less (2017).
91
What share of military spending does the USA hold?
Over 50% (2017).
92
Which African country became China's top oil supplier in 2016?
Angola.
93
Where does Canada rank in global oil reserves?
Third-largest.
94
How many fracking licenses were issued in the UK by 2015?
Over 100.
95
How much oil is estimated to lie in the Arctic?
90 billion barrels.
96
What is the Hukou system in China?
Controls rural-to-urban migration, now relaxed.
97
How many countries does the Mekong River flow through?
6 countries: China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam.
98
How many countries are in the Alps mountain range?
8 countries: France, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Austria, Slovenia, Germany.
99
How wide is the English Channel?
33.8 km wide.
100
How many countries signed the Antarctica Treaty by 2016?
53 countries.
101
How many rural-to-urban migrants were there in China by 2016?
Over 260 million.
102
How many ethnic groups are there in Nigeria?
Over 250 ethnic groups.
103
How many tickets were sold for the London 2012 Olympics?
9.6 million tickets.
104
What percentage of voters rejected British national identity in the 2014 Scottish referendum?
45% of voters.
105
How has Trump's foreign policy affected nationalism?
Emphasis on isolationism ('America First').
106
How much EU funding did Scotland receive between 2014-2020?
€941 million.
107
What was Scotland's voting percentage in favor of staying in the EU during Brexit?
62%.
108
How far is the UK from Australia, a key migration source?
Over 10,000 miles.
109
How much of the South Sudanese population is Muslim?
20%.
110
What was the number of refugees displaced globally in 2021?
89.3 million (source: UNHCR).
111
What is the estimated size of Qatar's migrant population (as a percentage of total)?
Approximately 88%.
112
What percentage of immigrants to the UK come from former Commonwealth countries?
About 25%.
113
How many migrants does the USA receive annually on average?
Around 1 million (varies by year).
114
How much did the UK's net migration total in 2019?
270,000 (official estimate).
115
How many migrants moved from Eastern Europe to the UK in 2015?
500,000+ (approximate).
116
How many people are estimated to have died in the South Sudanese conflict?
Over 400,000 (since 2013).
117
What was the global carbon dioxide emission reduction target set by the Paris Agreement in 2015?
Reduce emissions by 40-70% by 2050.
118
How many countries signed the Montreal Protocol in 1987?
197 countries.
119
What percentage of South Africa's population was displaced due to apartheid policies by the 1990s?
Over 20%.
120
How many people were displaced by the Rwandan Genocide in 1994?
Over 2 million.
121
What percentage of the UAE's population are foreign workers?
Approximately 90%.
122
What cultural group is found across Turkey, Iraq, and Syria?
The Kurds.
123
What was the result of the partition of Kashmir?
The First Kashmir War in 1948.
124
What is the role of IGOs since 1945?
They promote global governance and trade.
125
What is UNCLOS's role in global governance?
It governs the use of oceans and marine resources.
126
What has been the challenge with COP26 goals?
Failure to phase out coal and achieve climate targets.
127
What does the concept of EEZ refer to?
Exclusive rights to marine resources within 200 nautical miles.
128
Why do countries contest borders in regions like Africa?
Due to colonial history and ethnic divisions.
129
How did historical treaties like the Montreal Protocol help?
By phasing out harmful substances like CFCs.
130
What is the role of the UN in environmental issues?
It coordinates global agreements on climate change.
131
What is the significance of the Scramble for Africa?
It created borders without considering ethnic groups.
132
What is the length of the coastline for the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of China?
China claims over 2.9 million square kilometers in the South China Sea.
133
How many distinct ethnic groups are in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)?
240 ethnic groups.
134
How much did COP26 commit in financial pledges for achieving net-zero?
$130 trillion.
135
What is the population of the Uighur minority in China?
Approximately 12 million.
136
How many migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa are estimated to move towards Europe annually?
Over 200,000.
137
How much of the global GHGs are produced by the five key systems in the World Bank's 2016 Climate Change Action Plan?
Over 90%.
138
What is the size of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) claimed by the United States?
11.4 million square kilometers.
139
How many people were displaced due to the Syrian Civil War by 2020?
Over 13 million people.
140
How much land area did the Soviet Union have before its dissolution?
22.4 million square kilometers.
141
What percentage of global migrants live in the EU?
Approximately 20% of global migrants.
142
How many years did the apartheid system last in South Africa?
46 years (1948-1994).
143
How many EU member states are required to comply with EU law, which takes precedence over national law?
27 member states must comply with EU law.
144
What percentage of European Union law is influenced by international treaties and agreements?
Over 80% of EU law is influenced by international treaties.
145
What was the UK's trade deficit with the EU in 2020, illustrating the economic dependence before Brexit?
£95 billion trade deficit.
146
What are member states required to comply with?
Member states are required to comply with EU law, which takes precedence over national law.
147
How many member states must comply with EU law?
27 member states must comply with EU law.
148
What was the UK's trade deficit with the EU in 2020?
£95 billion trade deficit.
149
What percentage of EU legislation is shaped by international bodies like the WTO or the UN?
Around 30% of EU law is influenced by global treaties and institutions.
150
How many EU regulations limit the sovereignty of member states?
Thousands of regulations constrain national sovereignty.
151
How many countries are in the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
123 countries are members of the ICC.
152
How many countries are members of the World Bank?
189 countries are members of the World Bank.
153
What percentage of global trade is facilitated by the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
Over 98% of world trade is facilitated by WTO rules.
154
How many McDonald's outlets are there worldwide?
Over 39,000 outlets globally.
155
How do IMF and World Bank affect sovereignty?
Conditional loans reduce policy autonomy.
156
What is an example of a supranational institution?
EU law supersedes national law.
157
How many McDonald's outlets exist globally (2024)?
Over 40,000 locations in 100+ countries.
158
When did Iran ban Barbie dolls?
1996, due to Western cultural influence.
159
When did France introduce quotas on French-language films?
1994 under the Toubon Law.
