Paper 3 and pre release

Question 1

Water stress

Answer 1

Period of time where demand for water exceeds supply

Question 2

Water efficient products

Answer 2

Products that use small amount of water

Question 3

Demand

Answer 3

Amount of something that is required

Question 4

Environment agency

Answer 4

Organisation that manages the environment, including water supply/flooding etc

Question 5

Water supply

Answer 5

Water which is collected and passed through pipes to buildings for people to use

Question 6

Water demand management

Answer 6

Management approach that aims to conserve water by reducing demand. It involves using incentives to promote efficient and equitable use of water. Has the potential to increase water availability through more efficient allocation and use

Question 7

Engineering projects

Answer 7

Projects such as building dams and water transfer schemes

Question 8

Water-rich areas

Answer 8

Areas that have high rainfall

Question 9

Water deficit

Answer 9

A lack of water- where demand is higher than supply

Question 10

Water surplus

Answer 10

Excess of water-supply is higher than demand

Question 11

Water transfer

Answer 11

Movement of water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit through pipes, canals and rivers

Question 12

Reservoir

Answer 12

Man-made lake, built to contain water. Involves building a dam and flooding land

Question 13

Alleviate

Answer 13

To reduce something

Question 14

Embankment

Answer 14

A man-made raised bank built around a reservoir to increase capacity

Question 15

Thames basin

Answer 15

Area around Thames river which is densely populated

Question 16

Transpiration

Answer 16

Evaporation of water from plants leaves into atmosphere

Question 17

Offset

Answer 17

To counter the effect of something

Question 18

Cisterns

Answer 18

Flushing mechanism in a toilet

Question 19

Sustainable water supplies

Answer 19

Water supplies that meet needs of present without compromising future generations

Question 20

Shortfall in water

Answer 20

Deficit of water due to more demand than supply

Question 21

Desalination plants

Answer 21

Factory where salt is removed from salt water in order to make the water potable

Question 22

Water security

Answer 22

Ability to access sufficient quantities of clean water to maintain adequate standards of food and goods production, proper sanitation, and sustainable health care

Question 23

Bar charts

Answer 23

Used for data which can be placed into discrete categories. Look for max, min, averages and anomalies when using

Question 24

Line charts

Answer 24

Good for showing changes over time. Continuous data plotted against another variable to show trends

Question 25

Pie charts

Answer 25

Divides data into manageable categories. Proportion of data which falls into each category is shown by size of its ‘size’ of pie

Question 26

Pictograms

Answer 26

Uses images/symbols to show data either on bar graph or plotted straight into map . Adds an additional layer of visual clarity and remove need for words

Question 27

Histograms

Answer 27

Show spread of a single data set. Can have 0 values. Look for max, min, averages and anomalies when using these

Question 28

Divided bar graphs

Answer 28

Used when want to show more than one type of data for each variable

Question 29

Scatter graphs

Answer 29

Shows trend within data set with 2 variables. Always use line of best fit to judge overall correlation but be aware of any large anomalies which may skew the data significantly, refer to max, min, relationship, anomalies and overall trend

Question 30

Population pyramids

Answer 30

Only designed to show data for one thing (population). Gives clear view of structure of population in terms of how old/young it is and whether it has gender imbalance

Question 31

Dot maps

Answer 31

Maps of frequency distribution, the more dots there are in a place the more occurrences there are in that location. Work best when used on large scale, small areas can lead to dots not showing a pattern within data as they’re too close

Question 32

Isoline maps

Answer 32

Lines are drawn to link up areas with same values. Commonly used as contour lines or isobars to show elevation or pressure respectively

Question 33

Chloropleth maps

Answer 33

Use colour to show distribution/ pattern within a data set in a particular area. Must be clear key showing what each colour means. Data needs to be in bands with unique colour/shade applied to each band and then placed into map. Look at overall trend, anomalous areas and areas with high/low values when using these maps

Question 34

Flow lines/desire lines

Answer 34

Show origin/destination of things. Width often used to show how much of it is moving. Show movement of anything from people to traded products

Question 35

Describe the distribution of rainfall in the U.K.

Answer 35

Uneven, showing areas in south west Receive highest amounts of rainfall, reaching 2800 mm and above. North east received lowest rainfall annually with lows of 500-749 mm