Paramedic Resource Manual Section 5 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Who has more water content, a thin person or a fat person?
Thin person, fat tissue repels water
What are the 2 divisions of extracellular fluid?
Intravascular - fluid within vessels
Interstitial - between cells
What is the daily minimum requirement for fluid?
approx 2500 mL
The less ADH that is secreted…..
the more water is lost
What are the 2 types of disorders that can occur from fluid loss?
- disorder from volume change
- disorder of water balance (electrolyte to water ratio)
Define Edema
The presence of excess extracellular fluid (from plasma) in the interstitial spaces or fluid compartment
Any condition which results in excessive retention of salt and water or in a decrease in plasma proteins (especially albumin) can lead to
edema
What are the 2 types of dissolved substances in body fluids?
- those that dissociate or ionize (electrolytes) ex NaCl
- those that do not dissociate, called non-electrolytes ex. glucose
What are the principal extracellular ions?
- sodium
- chloride
- calcium
- bicarb
In extra cellular fluid the main cation is sodium and the main anion is
chloride
Inside the cell the main catiion is potassium and the main anion is
monohydrogen phosphate
What is the role of sodium in the body?
- ph regulation
- regulating cell membrane permeabilityWhat
Symptoms of Hypernatremia?
- extreme muscle irritability
- dry, sticky mucous membranes
- flushed skin
- intense thirst
Symptoms of hyponatremia?
- lethargy
- muscle weakness
- edema
- decreased
- urinary output
- mental confusion
What type of effect does hyperkalemia have on the heart?
starts with peaked T waves, progresses into wide QRS, which then leads to slowing of the heart rate, heart blocks. This causes a weakening of cardiac contractility and eventually heart failure.
What type of effect does hypokalemia have on the heart
produce symptoms of cardiac excitability such as
- tachycardia
- ectopy
- improper heart contractions
- poor circulation
- muscle cramps
May eventually lead to death due to anoxia
What is the importance of bicarb in the blood?
- acts as a ph buffer
-High levels can lead to metabolic alkalosis - low levels can lead to metabolic acidosis
Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis
- nausea
- vomiting
- diarehha
- confusion
- irritability
- agitation
Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis
- headache
- drowsiness
- nausea
- vomitting
- diarehha
- stupor
