Parasitology Flashcards by Gerald Libranda

Q

Types of Protozoan present in the

INTESTINAL TRACT

A

Entamoeba histolytica –> Amebiasis
Giardia lamblia –> Giardiasis
Cryptosporidium parvum –> Cryptosporidiosis

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Q

Types of Protozoan present in the

UROGENITAL TRACT

A

Trichomonas vaginalis –> Trichomoniasis

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Q

Types of Protozoan present in the

BLOOD AND TISSUE

A

Plasmodium spp. –> Malaria
Taxoplasma gondii –> Taxoplasmosis
Trypanosoma spp. –> Chagas disease, sleeping sickness

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Q

Fruits of Pathology:

strawberry

A

cervix –> trichomoniasis
tongue –> TSS, kawasaki, SF
gallbladder –> cholesterolosis

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Q

Fruits of Pathology:

berry

A

aneurysms –> SAH, ADPKD, coarctation of aorta

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Q

Fruits of Pathology:

mulberry

A

molars –> congenital syphilis

tumor –> tuberous sclerosis

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Q

Fruits of Pathology:

blueberry

A

muffin baby –> congenital rubella, congenital CMV

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Q

Fruits of Pathology:

grape-like

A

vesicles –> hydatidiform mole
clusters –> S. aureus
bunches –> sarcoma botryoides
odor –> P. aeruginosa

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Q

Fruits of Pathology:

cherry-red

A

epiglottis –> epiglottitis
spot in macula –> CRAO, Tay-sachs, Niemann-pick
pigment –> S. marcescens
skin –> CO poisoning

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Q

Fruits of Pathology:

banana-shaped

A

gametocytes –> P. falciparum

left ventricle –> hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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Q

Fruits of Pathology:

orange

A

peel skin –> inflammatory breast CA
cast skin –> leptospirosis
colonies –> N. asteroides

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Q

Fruits of Pathology:

pear-shaped

A

trophozoites –> Trichomonas, Giardia

organ –> prostate gland

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Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Asexual cycle

A

P. falciparum: 48 hours
P. vivax: 48 hours
P. malariae: 72 hours
P. ovale: 48 hours

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Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Periodicity

A

P. falciparum: Malignant tertian
P. vivax: Benign tertian
P. malariae: Benign quartan
P. ovale: Benign tertian

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Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

RBC preference

A

P. falciparum: All ages
P. vivax: young RBCs
P. malariae: Old RBCs
P. ovale: young RBCs

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Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Parasitemia

A

P. falciparum: Highest
P. vivax: Low
P. malariae: Lowest
P. ovale: Low

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Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Merozoites

A

P. falciparum: 0
P. vivax: 12-24
P. malariae: 6-12
P. ovale: 8

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Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Gametocytes

A

P. falciparum: Banana-shaped
P. vivax: Large round
P. malariae: Compact
P. ovale: Small round

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Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Cerebral malaria

A

P. falciparum: Yes
P. vivax: No
P. malariae: No
P. ovale: No

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Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Recrudescence

A

P. falciparum: Yes
P. vivax: No
P. malariae: Yes
P. ovale: No

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Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Relapse

A

P. falciparum: No
P. vivax: Yes
P. malariae: No
P. ovale: yes

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Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Drug resistance

A

P. falciparum: Many
P. vivax: Few
P. malariae: Few
P. ovale: Few

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Q

Mnemonic-Malarial Dots

A

Schuffner dots = P.Ovale & Vivax
SOVrang daming dots!
Maurer dots = coMMa-shaped = P. falciparuM

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Q

Treatment

Chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum and P. malariae infections

A

Chloroquine

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Treatment | P. vivax and P ovale infections

Chloroquine + Primaquine

Treatment | Uncomplicated infections with chloroquine -resistant P. falciparum

``` Drug Therapy: Quinine + Doxycycline / Clindamycin Alternative Drug: Malarone (Atavaquone-Proguanil) OR Mefloquine OR Co-Artemether + Lumefantrine ```

Treatment | Severe or complicated infections with P. falciparum

``` Drug Therapy: Artesunate + Doxycycline / Clindamycin OR Mefloquine / Malarone OR Alternative Drug: Quinidine gluconate Artemether + Doxycycline / Clindamycin OR Mefloquine / Malarone ```

Mnemonic-Malarial Dots

Schuffner dots = P.Ovale & Vivax SOVrang daming dots! Maurer dots = coMMa-shaped = P. falciparuM

Treatment | Chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum and P. malariae infections

Chloroquine

Treatment | P. vivax and P ovale infections

Chloroquine + Primaquine

Treatment | Uncomplicated infections with chloroquine -resistant P. falciparum

``` Drug Therapy: Quinine + Doxycycline / Clindamycin Alternative Drug: Malarone (Atavaquone-Proguanil) OR Mefloquine OR Co-Artemether + Lumefantrine ```

Treatment | Severe or complicated infections with P. falciparum

``` Drug Therapy: Artesunate + Doxycycline / Clindamycin OR Mefloquine / Malarone OR Alternative Drug: Quinidine gluconate Artemether + Doxycycline / Clindamycin OR Mefloquine / Malarone ```

Prophylactic Treatment for areas without resistant P. falciparum

Chloroquine

Prophylactic Treatment for areas with chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum

Malarone / Mefloquine

Prophylactic Treatment for areas with multidrug-resistant P. falciparum

Doxycycline

Prophylactic Treatment for Terminal prophylaxis of P.vivax and P.ovale infections; alternative for primary prevention

Primaquine

Mnemonic-Sleeping Sickness

Think WaGER West = Gambian --> Western Gate East = Rhodesian --> Eastern Road

Mnemonic-Treatment of Sleeping Sickness

It SURe is nice to go to SLEEP. MELAtonin helps with SLEEP. | SURAmin-MELArsoprol is used for African SLEEPing sickness.

What is responsible for patients with facial paresthesia, total paralysis, respiratory failure?

Syndrome: Paralytic Toxin: Saxitoxin Incubation: 15mins

What is responsible for patients with facial paresthesia, slurred speech, ataxia, diarrhea?

Syndrome: Neurotoxic Toxin: Brevetoxin Incubation: 15mins

What is responsible for patients with diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain?

Syndrome: Diarrhetic Toxin: Okadaic acid Incubation: 30mins

What is responsible for patients with diarrhea, short-term memory loss, seizures?

Syndrome: Amnesic Toxin: Domoic acid Incubation: 30mins

``` T. Solium Transmission: Intermediate Host: Site Affected: Treatment: ```

Transmission: eggs / larvae in undercooked pork Intermediate Host: Pigs Site Affected: Intestine Treatment: Praziquantel

``` T. Saginata Transmission: Intermediate Host: Site Affected: Treatment: ```

Transmission: in uncooked beef Intermediate Host: Cattle Site Affected: Intestine Treatment: Praziquantel

``` D. Latum Transmission: Intermediate Host: Site Affected: Treatment: ```

Transmission: arvae in uncooked fish Intermediate Host: Fish Site Affected: Intestine Treatment: Praziquantel

``` E. Granulosus Transmission: Intermediate Host: Site Affected: Treatment: ```

Transmission: eggs in food contaminated with dog feces Intermediate Host: Sheep Site Affected: Liver Treatment: Albendazole

``` S. japonicum Transmission: Sites Affected: Intermediate Hosts: Treatment: ```

Transmission: Penetrate skin Sites Affected: Liver Intermediate Hosts: Snail Treatment: Praziquantel

``` P. westermani Transmission: Sites Affected: Intermediate Hosts: Treatment: ```

Transmission: Ingested with raw crab Sites Affected: Lung Intermediate Hosts: Snail and crab Treatment: Praziquantel

``` C. sinensis Transmission: Sites Affected: Intermediate Hosts: Treatment: ```

Transmission: Ingested with raw fish Sites Affected: Liver Intermediate Hosts: Snail and fish Treatment:Praziquantel

``` NEMATODES Species Ascaris Location: Disease: Transmission: Treatment: ```

Location: Intestines Disease: Ascariasis Transmission: Ingestion of eggs Treatment: Albendazole

``` NEMATODES Species Ancylostoma and Necator Location: Disease: Transmission: Treatment: ```

Location: Intestines Disease: Hookworm Transmission: Larval penetration of skin Treatment: Albendazole

``` NEMATODES Species Trichuris Location: Disease: Transmission: Treatment: ```

Location: Intestines Disease: Whipworm Transmission:Ingestion of eggs Treatment: Mebendazole

``` NEMATODES Species Enterobius Location: Disease: Transmission: Treatment: ```

Location: Intestines Disease: Pinworm Transmission: Ingestion of eggs Treatment: Pyrantel pamoate

``` NEMATODES Species Strongyloides Location: Disease: Transmission: Treatment: ```

Location: Intestines Disease: Stronggyloidiasis Transmission: Larval penetration of skin Treatment: Ivermectin

``` NEMATODES Species Capillaria Location: Disease: Transmission: Treatment: ```

Location: Intestines Disease: Capillariasis Transmission: eggs in undercooked fish Treatment: Albendazole

``` NEMATODES Species Wuchereria and Brugia Location: Disease: Transmission: Treatment: ```

Location: Tissue Disease: Filariasis Transmission: Mosquito bite Treatment: DEC

``` NEMATODES Species Trichinella Location: Disease: Transmission: Treatment: ```

Location: Tissue Disease: Trichinosis Transmission: Larvae in uncooked meat Treatment: Thiabendazole

Wuchereria VS Brugia | Appearance

Wuchereria: Smoothly curved Brugia: Kinky

Wuchereria VS Brugia | Terminal Nuclei

Wuchereria: Absent Brugia: Present

Wuchereria VS Brugia | Prevalence

Wuchereria: Widespread Brugia: SEA only

Wuchereria VS Brugia | Mosquito vectors

Wuchereria: Culex, Aedes, Anopheles Brugia: Mansonia

Wuchereria VS Brugia | Preference

Wuchereria: Scrotal lymphatics Brugia: Limb lymphatics

Wuchereria VS Brugia | Clinical Picture

Wuchereria: Hydrocoele Brugia: Elephantiasis

Wuchereria VS Brugia | Severity

Wuchereria: More severe Brugia: Less severe

What causes Pruritis of scalf or trunk; nits seen on hair shaft?

Lice | Pediculus humanus

What causes Pruritis in pubic area; nits seen on hair shaft?

Lice | Phthirus pubis

What causes Pruritic, painful, and erythematous nodule; larva may be seen emerging from nodule

Flies | Dermatobia hominis

What causes Pruritic, erythematous wheal?

Bedbugs | Cimex lectularius

What causes Pruritic, erythematous papules, and linear tracks?

Mites | Sarcoptes scabei

What causes Ascending paralysis?

Ticks | Dermacentor