PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC pt.1

Question 1

Parasympathomimetics are classified into direct-acting and indirect-acting drugs. (True/False)

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Direct-acting parasympathomimetics stimulate cholinergic receptors directly. (True/False)

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Indirect-acting parasympathomimetics work by inhibiting ____.

Answer 3

cholinesterase

Question 4

Indirect-acting drugs increase ____ levels at the synaptic cleft.

Answer 4

acetylcholine

Question 5

Indirect-acting anticholinesterases can be reversible or ____.

Answer 5

irreversible

Question 6

Which drug is a direct-acting parasympathomimetic? (Acetylcholine/Physostigmine)

Answer 6

Acetylcholine

Question 7

Methacholine is a ____-acting parasympathomimetic.

Answer 7

direct

Question 8

Is Carbachol a direct or indirect parasympathomimetic?

Answer 8

Direct

Question 9

Bethanechol is an example of a direct-acting parasympathomimetic. (True/False)

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Pilocarpine acts directly on ____ receptors.

Answer 10

cholinergic

Question 11

Physostigmine is a reversible or irreversible anticholinesterase?

Answer 11

Reversible

Question 12

Neostigmine inhibits cholinesterase reversibly. (True/False)

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Edrophonium is a reversible anticholinesterase. (True/False)

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Organophosphorus compounds are reversible inhibitors. (True/False)

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Echothiophate is an example of a(n) ____ anticholinesterase.

Answer 15

irreversible

Question 16

War gases inhibit cholinesterase irreversibly. (True/False)

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Parathion is a reversible or irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor?

Answer 17

Irreversible

Question 18

Acetylcholine stimulates both muscarinic and ____ receptors.

Answer 18

nicotinic

Question 19

Acetylcholine is metabolized by true and pseudo-____.

Answer 19

cholinesterase

Question 20

Acetylcholine decreases cardiac output by causing a negative inotropic and ____ effect.

Answer 20

chronotropic

Question 21

Acetylcholine decreases blood pressure by vasodilation and inhibition of the ____.

Answer 21

heart

Question 22

Acetylcholine causes ____ (pupil constriction).

Answer 22

miosis

Question 23

Acetylcholine increases ____ (tear production).

Answer 23

lacrimation

Question 24

Acetylcholine decreases ____ pressure in the eye.

Answer 24

intraocular

Question 25

Acetylcholine causes bronchospasm. (True/False)

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Acetylcholine increases motility of the ____ tract.

Answer 26

gastrointestinal

Question 27

Acetylcholine ____ sphincters in the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 27

relaxes

Question 28

Acetylcholine contracts the ____ muscle of the bladder.

Answer 28

detrusor

Question 29

Acetylcholine causes relaxation of the urinary bladder ____.

Answer 29

sphincter

Question 30

Nicotinic action of acetylcholine causes contraction of muscles leading to ____.

Answer 30

twitches

Question 31

Choline esters stimulate muscarinic and nicotinic receptors directly. (True/False)

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Is Pilocarpine a choline ester? (Yes/No)

Answer 32

No

Question 33

Is Bethanechol a choline ester? (Yes/No)

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

True cholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase metabolize ____. (Fill in the blank)

Answer 34

acetylcholine

Question 35

Parasympathomimetics mimic the parasympathetic nervous system. (True/False)

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Muscarinic receptors are part of the parasympathetic nervous system. (True/False)

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Nicotinic receptors are found at neuromuscular junctions. (True/False)

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Bethanechol is primarily used to stimulate the ____ tract and urinary bladder.

Answer 38

gastrointestinal

Question 39

Pilocarpine is commonly used to decrease ____ pressure.

Answer 39

intraocular

Question 40

Indirect-acting parasympathomimetics inhibit breakdown of ____.

Answer 40

acetylcholine

Question 41

Reversible anticholinesterases are typically used therapeutically. (True/False)

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Irreversible anticholinesterases are often used as pesticides and chemical warfare agents. (True/False)

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Exposure to organophosphorus compounds can cause cholinergic crisis. (True/False)

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Echothiophate is used in the treatment of ____ (disease).

Answer 44

glaucoma

Question 45

Choline esters are effective orally. (True/False)

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Choline esters are commonly administered via IM or IV routes. (True/False)

Answer 46

False

Question 47

IM or IV administration of choline esters can cause severe ____ and hypotension.

Answer 47

bradycardia

Question 48

Methacholine is metabolized by ____ cholinesterase only.

Answer 48

true

Question 49

Methacholine is used to treat paroxysmal ____ tachycardia.

Answer 49

atrial

Question 50

Carbachol and Bethanechol are used in the treatment of peripheral ____ disease.

Answer 50

vascular

Question 51

Carbachol eye drops are used in the treatment of ____.

Answer 51

glaucoma

Question 52

Bethanechol is used postoperatively to treat paralytic ____.

Answer 52

ileus

Question 53

Bethanechol helps in relieving postoperative retention of ____.

Answer 53

urine

Question 54

Methacholine is used in the diagnosis of ____ asthma.

Answer 54

bronchial

Question 55

Choline esters are contraindicated in angina because they decrease BP and ____ coronary blood flow.

Answer 55

decrease

Question 56

Choline esters should be avoided in thyrotoxicosis due to increased risk of atrial ____.

Answer 56

fibrillation

Question 57

Choline esters should not be used in bronchial asthma as they can cause bronchospasm and increased ____.

Answer 57

secretion

Question 58

Pilocarpine exerts primarily ____ receptor effects.

Answer 58

muscarinic

Question 59

Pilocarpine has strong muscarinic effects on the ____.

Answer 59

eye

Question 60

Pilocarpine exhibits very weak ____ receptor activity.

Answer 60

nicotinic