PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC pt.2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
True/False: Indirectly acting parasympathomimetics increase acetylcholine levels by stimulating cholinesterase.
False
True/False: Reversible anticholinesterases have a short duration of action.
True
True/False: Malathion is an organophosphate used to treat glaucoma.
False
True/False: Organophosphates can cause both muscarinic and nicotinic effects.
True
True/False: Pralidoxime (PAM) crosses the blood-brain barrier.
False
Fill in the blank: Anticholinesterases inhibit ____________, leading to an accumulation of ACh.
cholinesterase
Fill in the blank: ____________ is an organophosphate insecticide.
Malathion
Fill in the blank: Excess acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors can lead to muscle ____________.
paralysis
Fill in the blank: Atropine is administered until ____________, dry mouth, and tachycardia occur.
mydriasis
Fill in the blank: The cause of death from organophosphate poisoning is ____________ failure.
respiratory
What are the two types of anticholinesterases?
Reversible and irreversible
Name two muscarinic effects of organophosphate poisoning.
Miosis, lacrimation
What is the function of pralidoxime (PAM) in toxicity treatment?
Reactivates cholinesterase by binding to the phosphorus group
Why is DAM preferred over PAM in CNS toxicity?
DAM crosses the blood-brain barrier
What compound can be used to wash skin or stomach in organophosphate poisoning?
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
List one war gas that acts as an irreversible anticholinesterase.
Sarin
Which organophosphate is used as an eye ointment in glaucoma?
DFP (di-isopropyl fluorophosphates)
What is the effect of excess ACh on skeletal muscle?
Twitching followed by paralysis
Which symptom indicates atropine has reached therapeutic effect?
Mydriasis
What central nervous system symptoms are seen in organophosphate poisoning?
Excitation, convulsions, coma
What treatment provides respiratory support in acute poisoning?
Endotracheal intubation and artificial respiration
What does ‘irreversible’ mean in the context of anticholinesterases?
They bind firmly and permanently to the enzyme
Which organophosphate compound is used as an anti-bilharzial?
Metrifonate
What kind of compounds are parathion and malathion?
Organophosphate insecticides
