PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC pt.1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are Parasympathomimetics?
Drugs which stimulate cholinergic receptors either directly or indirectly (via inhibition of cholinesterase).
What are the two classifications of Parasympathomimetics?
- Directly Acting 2. Indirectly Acting
What are the two types of Directly Acting Parasympathomimetics?
- Choline Esters 2. Cholinomimetics Alkaloids
What is the pharmacodynamics of Acetylcholine (ACH)?
It stimulates both Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors directly.
What are the cardiovascular effects of Muscarinic action?
It decreases cardiac output and blood pressure due to vasodilatation and inhibition of the heart.
How does Muscarinic action affect the eye?
It causes miosis, increases lacrimation, and decreases intraocular pressure.
What effect does Muscarinic action have on the respiratory system?
It causes bronchospasm.
What is the effect of Muscarinic action on the gastrointestinal tract?
It increases motility and relaxes sphincters.
What is the effect of Muscarinic action on the urinary bladder?
It contracts the detrusor muscle and relaxes the sphincter.
What is the effect of Nicotinic action?
It causes contraction of muscles (twitches).
What is Methacholine used for?
- Treatment of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia 2. Peripheral vascular disease 3. Diagnosis of bronchial asthma.
What are the contraindications for choline esters?
- Angina 2. Thyrotoxicosis 3. Bronchial asthma 4. Peptic ulcer.
What is Pilocarpine primarily used to treat?
Glaucoma.
What are the two types of Anticholinesterases?
- Reversible 2. Irreversible.
What are organophosphorus compounds used for?
- Insecticides 2. Nerve gases 3. Eye ointments in glaucoma 4. Anti-bilharzial treatments.
What is the cause of death in organophosphorus poisoning?
Respiratory failure.
What is the treatment for acute toxicity of organophosphorus compounds?
Endotracheal intubation and artificial respiration.
What does Atropine do in cases of toxicity?
It blocks peripheral Muscarinic and CNS manifestations.
What are the two types of Cholinesterase activators?
- Pralidoxime (PAM) 2. Di-acetyl-monomoxime (DAM).
What are the symptoms of muscarinic manifestations in organophosphorus poisoning?
- Miosis and lacrimation 2. Salivation and sweating 3. Bronchospasm and secretions 4. Bradycardia and hypotension 5. Colic, vomiting, and diarrhea 6. Urination.
What are the symptoms of nicotinic manifestations in organophosphorus poisoning?
Skeletal muscle twitches followed by paralysis.
What are the CNS symptoms of organophosphorus poisoning?
Excitation, convulsions followed by coma.
