Parkinson's Disease

Question 1

Epistemology

Answer 1

• A progressive, variable condition
• the most common movement disorder
• the second most prevalent neurodegenerative condition of aging after Alzheimer disease

Question 2

signs and symptoms

Answer 2

• Tremor, Rigidity, Akinesia, and Postural Instability (TRAP)
• Tremor = resting tremor that increases with stress and may present as pin-rolling
• Rigidity = more advanced stages of PD
• Akinesia = lack of facial expression and slowed movement of the limbs and occupational engagement
• Postural instability = reduced arm swing, head and trunk leaning forward, and shorter strides
• Cognitive impairment, word finding difficulty, depression, apathy, fatigue, sensory symptoms, pain and paresthesia, urinary and sexual dysfunction, weight loss, and sleep disorders

Question 3

Interventions

Answer 3

• Balance energy demands with motivation and frustration as well as caregiver time and abilities in the context of the dependence-interdependence-independence continuum
• Grab bars, not carrying items while walking, avoid narrow paths (due to freezing) toilet seat and grab bars, walking aids (if they don’t have freezing), good lighting, home exercises
• Eating smaller portions, decrease distractions

Question 4

3 phases

Answer 4

3 phases
▪ Preclinical period – asymptomatic; neuronal degen
▪ Prodromal period – months-years; generalized sx e.g.
depression, sleep behavior, fatigue
▪ Symptomatic period; 5 stages – classic motor sx; progression of unilateral – bilateral, balance, functional decline, no motor function; 15-20 yrs