Parkinson's Disease Flashcards
What is Parkinson’s disease?
Progressive reduction of dopamine in the basal ganglia leading to movement disorders
What is the triad of Parkinson’s disease?
Resting tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
What are the features of Parkinson’s disease?
Tremor
- pill rolling
- resting
- unilateral
Rigidity
- cogwheel
Bradykinesia
- micrographia
- shuffling gait
Depression
Insomnia
What are the Parkinson’s-plus syndromes?
Multiple system atrophy
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Corticobasal degeneration
What is multiple system atrophy?
Degeneration of neurones in the brain
Basal ganglia -> Parkinsonism
Autonomic neurones -> autonomic dysfunction
Cerebellum -> cerebellar dysfunction
What are features of autonomic dysfunction?
Postural hypotension
Constipation
Abnormal sweating
Sexual dysfunction
What are features of cerebellar dysfunction?
Dysdiadochokinesia Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Slurred speech Hypotonia
What is dementia with Lewy bodies?
Deposition of abnormal proteins the brain
Features
- visual hallucinations
- delusions
- sleep disorders
- fluctuating consciousness
What is progressive supranuclear palsy?
Deposition of tau protein in brain
Features
- postural instability
- impairment of vertical gaze
- parkinsonism
- cognitive impairment
What is corticobasal degeneration?
Degeneration of cortical brain and basal ganglia over time
How is Parkinson’s managed?
Levodopa
Carbidopa/benserazide
Entacapone
Selegiline
What is levodopa?
Synthetic dopamine
What are side effects of levodopa?
Dystonia
Chorea
Athetosis
What is carbidopa/benserazide?
Peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors
What is entacapone?
COMT inhibitor
Prolongs levodopa action
