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Neurology > Pituitary Tumours > Flashcards

Pituitary Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of pituitary tumour?

A

Pituitary adenoma

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2
Q

How are pituitary tumours classified?

A

Size

  • microadenoma = <1cm
  • macroadenoma = >1cm
  • giant adenoma = >4cm

Hormone produced

  • prolactin
  • growth hormone
  • ACTH
  • no hormone
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3
Q

What are clinical features of pituitary tumours?

A

Mass effect

  • non-specific headache
  • visual field defect
  • CN palsies

Hormonal effects

  • hypersecretion
  • hyposecretion

Pituitary apoplexy

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4
Q

What visual field defect is seen in pituitary tumours?

A

Bitemporal hemianopia

Due to compression of optic chiasm

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5
Q

Which cranial nerves are affected by a pituitary tumour?

A

Those that pass through cavernous sinus

  • Va
  • Vb
  • III
  • IV
  • VI
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6
Q

What is pituitary apoplexy?

A

Spontaneous haemorrhage into pituitary tumour

NEUROSURGICAL EMERGENCY

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7
Q

What are features of pituitary apoplexy?

A

Sudden sever headache
Loss of consciousness
Neck stiffness
Vomiting

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8
Q

How is pituitary apoplexy managed?

A

IV hydrocortisone

Emergency surgery

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9
Q

What are features of prolactin hypersecretion?

A

Infertility
Galactorrhoea
Amenorrhea
Impotence

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10
Q

What are features of prolactin hyposecretion?

A

Failure of lactation

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11
Q

What are features of ACTH hypersecretion?

A 
Weight gain 
Fatigue
Purple striae 
Osteoporosis 
HTN
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12
Q

What are features of ACTH hyposecretion?

A

Fatigue
Skin pigmentation
Vomiting
Weight loss

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13
Q

What are features of GH hypersecretion?

A

Acromegaly

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14
Q

What are features of GH hyposecretion?

A

Fatigue
Reduced strength
Weight gain

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15
Q

How are suspected pituitary tumours investigated?

A

Head CT/MRI

Hormone screen

  • prolactin
  • GH
  • ACTH
  • LH/FSH
  • TSH
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16
Q

What can cause falsely raised prolactin levels?

A 
Stress
Pregnancy 
Hypothyroidism
CKD
SSRIs
17
Q

How are pituitary tumours managed?

A

Hormone management

  • replacement
  • blockade

Surgery = trans-sphenoidal

Neurology (23 decks)

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