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Regional Anatomy > Parotid gland + temporal region > Flashcards

Parotid gland + temporal region Flashcards

1
Q

Parotid gland found?
surrounded by?
duct?

A

Found near external auditory meatus, extends towards mandible

connective tissue capsule + dense fibrous capsule that extends as stylomandibular ligament

single duct 1 finger’s breadth below zygomatic arch - passes across anterior surface of masseter

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2
Q
A

note duct crosses anterior surface of masseter

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3
Q

parotid duct pathway?

innervation?

A

crosses anteriorly over masseter —> sharp medial turn to pierce buccal fat and buccinator —> enter oral cavity at upper 2nd molar

parotid = glossopharyngeal nerve

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

which nerve is this?
what does it pass through? resulting in?
label branches

A

facial nerve exits skull via stylomastoid formanen –> passes into parotid gland

It divides the gland into a superficial and deep part —> then divides into branches that leave the gland and pass across the face to supply the muscles of facial expression

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6
Q

what splits parotid gland into superficial and deep part?

pathway + function?

A

facial nerve exits skull via stylomastoid formanen –> passes into parotid gland

It divides the gland into a superficial and deep part —> then divides into branches that leave the gland and pass across the face to supply the muscles of facial expression

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7
Q
A

Facial nerve

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8
Q

Spread of facial nerve branches across the face?

A

The posterior auricular branch passes posterior to the auricle to supply the posterior belly of occipitofrontalis - a muscle of the scalp that is also classed as a muscle of facial expression

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9
Q

posterior auricular branch of facial nerve function?

A

The posterior auricular branch passes posterior to the auricle to supply the posterior belly of occipitofrontalis - a muscle of the scalp that is also classed as a muscle of facial expression

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

what pass through the parotid gland deep to the facial nerve?

A

Superficial temporal vein + maxillary vein (join in parotid gland to form retromandibular vein –> goes on to form external jugular vein)

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

which artery passes through the parotid gland?

A

External carotid artery enters the gland and divides to form its terminal branches – the superficial temporal artery that supplies the scalp and the maxillary artery that passes into the infratemporal fossa

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14
Q

deepest structure in parotid gland?

what does it travel with?

A

The deepest structure in the gland is the auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve

runs with the superficial temporal vessels

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15
Q

diagram of structures related to parotid gland

A
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16
Q

secretomotor parasymp nerve to parotid gland?

explain how this nerve reaches parotid gland

A

Secretomotor parasympathetic nerves that supply the parotid gland are from the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Main part of glossopharyngeal nerve does not pass onto the face. So parasympathetic nerves to the parotid gland must ‘hitch a lift’ with part of the trigeminal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull via the jugular foramen
after this, preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibres leave the main part of the nerve to form a tympanic part that passes into a plexus in the middle ear
From this plexus, a nerve called the lesser petrosal nerve is formed that joins the otic ganglion at the opening of the foramen ovale
Synapse in ganglion then carried by auriculotemporal nerve (branch of the trigeminal nerve)

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17
Q

label lymphatics of face

parotid gland?

A

parotid gland has lymph nodes that drain the gland and also part of the forehead and orbital region

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18
Q

muscles of mastication?
Innervation?
Function?
Depression?

A

Four – temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid

All innervated by the mandibular division of trigeminal (CN V3)

Movements of the mandible – elevation, depression, protrusion, retrusion and lateral sliding

Depression may be by gravity or against force using supra-hyoid muscles

19
Q

temporalis covered by?
attachments?
function?
Innervation?

A

temporal fascia

attachments = temporal fossa to —> coronoid process + anterior border of ramus

Anterior and superior fibres elevate mandible
Posterior fibres retract mandible

Innervation = deep temporal nerves (x2) from anterior division of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

20
Q

largest muscle of mastication?

A

temporalis

21
Q
A
22
Q

Masseter attachments?
function?
innervation?

A

attachments = zygomatic arch to –> lateral part of ramus

Elevate mandible

Masseteric nerve from anterior division of CN V3

23
Q
A
24
Q

lateral pterygoid found?
attachments?
Function?
innervation?

A

lateral pterygoid + medial pterygoid are both deep to masseter + temporalis, found in infratemporal fossa

upper head = from infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
lower head = from lateral surrface of lateral pterygoid plate
inserts into neck of mandible + articular disc

protrusion (both) + chewing (one)

Innervation = nerve to lateral pterygoid from anterior division of CNV3

25
Q
A

lateral pterygoid

26
Q
A

upper and lower head of lateral pterygoid

27
Q

Medial pterygoid attachments?
function?
innervation?

A

Superficial head = from tubercle of maxilla
Deep head = from medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Inserts into the medial surface of angle of mandible

Assists in elevation

Unusual because nerve supply is from main trunk of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve before it bifurcates into anterior + posterior divisions
Nerve to medial pterygoid from main trunk of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3)

28
Q
A

medial pterygoid

29
Q
A

medial pterygoid (below lateral pterygoid)

30
Q

movements of mandible + muscles involved

A

Elevation = head of mandible and disc move backward and head rotates on lower surface of disc – temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid

Depression = head of mandible rotates on undersurface of articular disc and mandible is pulled forward - lateral pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, gravity

Protrusion = articular disc and head of mandible move forward. Movement in upper part of cavity - lateral pterygoid (medial pterygoid assists)

Retrusion = articular disc and head of mandible pulled backward into mandibular fossa – posterior fibres of temporalis

Lateral chewing = protrusion and retrusion combined - pterygoids

31
Q

divisions of trigeminal nerve?

which one is unique?

A

three main divisions – ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

Ophthalmic and maxillary divisions are purely sensory - only the mandibular division caries both sensory and motor fibres

32
Q

pathway of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve?

divisions of mandibuar division of trigeminal nerve?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve passes through the foramen ovale and divides into branches

33
Q

Why is CNV3 called carrier nerve?

A

Part of nerve to medial pterygoid passes through the otic ganglion. No synapse – pass to tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani

Auriculotemporal nerve carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the otic ganglion to the parotid (from glossopharyngeal)

Lingual nerve joined by the chorda tympani carrying parasympathetic fibres from the facial nerve to the submandibular + sublingual glands. Taste fibres from the anterior two thirds of the tongue

34
Q

label arteries

A
35
Q

branches of ECA?

A

anterior, posterior, deep + terminal branches

terminal = maxillary + superficial temporal behind mandible

36
Q

posterior branches of ECA?

function?

A 
function = supply scalp
deep branch supplies pharynx

Occipital = close to origin of facial artery –> passes under posterior belly of digastric to enter post. triangle —> back of scalp

Posterior auricular = branches at level of upper border of belly of digastric —> scalp

“deep” branch = ascending pharyngeal (branches below occipital on deep surface), ascends between internal carotid + pharynx = supplies pharynx

37
Q

which branches of ECA are crossed by hypoglossal nerve?

A

occipital artery

lingual artery

38
Q

label

branch group?

A

posterior branches of ECA

39
Q

Anterior branches of ECA?

origins, pathway + function

A

Superior thyroid – near origin, runs with external laryngeal nerve. Branch to SCM + superior laryngeal artery

Lingual – opposite tip of greater cornu of hyoid bone, passes deep to hyoglossus, crossed by the hypoglossal nerve. Oral cavity

Facial – above tip of greater cornu, passes deep to posterior belly of digastric. Superior + inferior labial branches and angular artery to face

40
Q
A
41
Q

Terminal branches of ECA?
origins, pathway, function

where does it end?

A

Superficial temporal – smaller branch, ascends in front of the auricle, divides into anterior + posterior branches which supply the skin over frontal + temporal regions

Maxillary – arises behind neck of mandible, branches to muscles of mastication, tympanic membrane, upper and lower teeth, palate, nasal cavity, nasopharynx and meninges

ECA ends in parotid gland where it splits into superficial temporal artery + maxillary

42
Q

maxillary artery found?

function?

A

infratemporal fossa

muscles of mastication, tympanic membrane, upper + lower teeth, palate, nasal cavity, nasopharynx + meninges

43
Q
A
44
Q
A

Regional Anatomy (14 decks)

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