Part 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Defining well-being background
WHO: complex and varies across factors and cultures. Generally a + state w qual of life and ability to contribute to world w sense of meaning
Kardas 2019 study
Large sample of Turkish students, measured the flourishing scale (denier)for well-being and the gratitude (kardas) and hope (Akman) scales for + emotions. Flourishing scale looks as + relationships, meaning, being engaged and interested using likely. Regression showed gratitude and hopes of explains well-being (0.59)
Whitaker bee study- 2023
beekeepers in italian alps, semi structured interviews, observation over a year, questionnaires (ethnogrpahic)- keepers reported + emotions like serenity, freedom, peace, admiraton
Broaden and build theory- Frederick son 98
- emotions broaden our thought action repertoires and enables us to consider new alternatives when engaging in wold, stim ppl to think more creatively (upward spiral of wellbeing)
Finding meaning
Split into making sense and finding benefit. Making sense is fitting event into life story (expereince having deserved its occurrence). Finding benefit is how expereince has brought value, life has purpose, find silver lining like growth in character, appreciate relationships- Davis 88
Negative emotions
+ and - are inversely related, over time they are independent, orthogonal so - not related to experience of +
General wellbeing literature ignores the + impact - emotions can play
Multidimental - all the states and satisfaction
+ state has emotional, mental, physical and social. Mental states more than optimistic thinking, have more stable like perception of circumstances and degree of happiness w these. Life satisfaction is an indicator across young and old. Life satisfaction can be divided into multidimensional (general) and unidimensional e.g. body
Body satisfaction and wellbeing
Hodkinson says how they feel about body more impact of wellbeing than how it actually looks. Hutchinson: new mothers measured warwick edin mental well-being scale (relationships, affect, functioning) and body sat scale. Body sat only explained 4% variance in well-being - but was significant
Atonovksy 87
Well-being expense someone has pevaseive and dynamic feeling of confidence/sense of coherence. Cog component comprehensability (life predictable), instrumental part is manageability and motivational part meaningfulness
Physical well-being
Term healthy lifestyle complex, linked to eating habits, physical activity. Healthy lifestyle must have other concepts like isolation, stress and sleep. Core part is being relaxed (free of worries, relaxed attitude). Qual response showed yoga led to reduced stress, sleep issues and more wellbeing
Physical well-being- bio indicators
Varied but increased grey matter volume in frontal and hippo linked to higher wellbeing. High scores on cog function tests like memory, attention and EF linked to more wellbeing. MEG linked to more functional connectivity
Social states
Ppl think this is level of social support but it is a sense of belonging across fam, community and country. Correa : longitudinal study of refugees in aus, used body image, self esteem, religion. Found sig predictors of well-being were discrimination, peer attachment, bullied, social status. Social integration is social unity in cultural diversity. Ppl from diff places have same image of society, feel belonging and follow rules (universal identity) to stop discrimination. Degree of integration has citizenship and sense of belonging from engaging in community
Physical states and relaxation
Green space relaxation given to f employees w work related stress in finance. EEG either watching green or urban, show lower hr. Social integration impacts freq of + emotions
Qual of life
Human needs are fully satisfied in a way that promotes wellbeing (depends on degree need is seen as important). Leisure is when psych systems return to baseline and now demands made, bloom 2010 on holiday had better health, mood, tension, energy but returned at work so need consistent leisure time
Sense of meaning and purpose / values
Value based living . Values give meaning to actions and pursuit of values predict wellbeing. Living w conflicting issues lead to - and avoidance. Veage 2014: mh professionals did personal work work value qs, Maslach burnout inventory, well-being scale and found linked
Reading
Hedonic is happiness and pleasure but eudaemonic is meaning and self realisation and fulfilment. +psych is things like accomplishment, inauthenticity. Linked to flow state, hope theory (paths to goals), self determination with autonomy, relatedness and competence, strengths, perma is + emotions, engage,ent , relationships, meaning, accomplishment . Interventions allow ppl to flourish. Emotions are unconc, object based, spec. Affect is conc, objectless, longer lasting- leads to more engagement. BnB theory e.g. maslows monkeys and sad ppl said they’d like to do less things “
Hedonic well-being
Function of life is to expereince pleasure to max amount to have good wellbeing. What makes life pleasant/unpleasant- used to assess counties happiness on likert. 3 main schools. Increase + and reduce - affect. High + linked to high energy, conc, engage,ent but low linked to sadness and lethargy (positive emotion and negative emotion distinct concepts
High and low positive and negative emotions /affect - first school
High in negative is subjective level of distress underlying states like fear, anger. Low negative emotion is calmness and serenity. Measured using positive and negative schedule-Watson. Differentiated by level of arousal and valence
Life satisfaction- second school
Eval of life and fell content, more about mental state than affect (cog dimension of subjective well-being. A conscious cog judgment of life in relation to self imposed or set of standards- closer matching leads to higher levels. Some say not just subjective- should be in audaimonic as about thriving so some call prudential happiness (cog dimension more than just high low affect, satis own approach. Use satisfaction of life scale e.g. I would change nothing
Happiness - 3rd school
Ppl tend to relate those who are happy even in adversity as having high wellbeing (lay person view), measuring happiness as wellbeing has high face validity. Means high + emotions and NO - emotions. Measured w happiness measure- likert
Evidence for hedonic
Most used approach, links to broaden and build theory. Wellbeing trends across life. Older people although less healthy have higher wellbeing compared to middle (high in childhood, then dip then high, graph levels of but not as low as 30-40. - affect decreases over time, older have less stress and worry. People more satisfied w life when older. In China, younger pops have lowest wellbeing . ONLY IN WEALTHY COUNTRIES
Eudaimonic well-being background
Function of life is to make choices in purist of good life/thriving, capacity to live subjective ideal. Needs satisfied and achieve potential (subjective)-satisfying needs leads to development of personality to reach full potential, sense of meaning. E.g. maslows hierarchy but eriksons model is that there are 8stages of crisis need to overcome to mature, look back and feel fulfilled, develop coping abilities(ego virtues)
Erikson model
Crisi either lead to health or maladjustment. Infancy: basic trust (hope vs withdrawal, if trust, trust more later in life) early childhood: autonomy vs shame (doubtful vs compulsion, if caregiver gives freedom, means more autonomy so try new things hold back compulsion) play age is initiative vs guilt (trust gives you sense of purpose vs sense of inhibition) school age (teachers who support you gives industry vs inferiority, competence vs passivity) adolescene develop id (caregiver lets you explore vs id confusion means fidelity vs rejection. YA is intact vs isolation, love vs distantistion (attachment) adulthood is generative to vs stagnation (giving back) care vs rejectivity. Old age is ego integrity vs despair, wisdom vs disdain (looking back on life). Won’t progress w tools if don’t meet
Measuring eudaimonic
Although Ind, still have general factors like hopefulness, calmness. Cornwell 2023: ego integrityis resolving prev crisis- to age we’ll need to come to terms w capacity to contribute to soc, adjust goals. Measure using motivational importance scale/flourishing. Gen vs stag crisis / middle age has pro creativity and symbolic mortality (leaving mark by having kids/job) centred around growth but as age, moves from growth to meaning
