Pat 2r Flashcards
(24 cards)
Reading - be ok with being ok, flourishing volstad 2020
Looking at transition to uni in Canada,, young people more likely to have MH issues, most models look at problem solving not flourishing. Issues like leaving home, financial, fitting in, higher standard, stress- diversity factors effect. Did semi structured interviews and found ps have coping strategies like exercise, personal willingness to adapt, open to ops, less about feeling good more about functioning, personal not academic growth, all said family support, living choices, small classes, approachable faculty, formal and informal programs,s, off campus friends. Flourishing not just + variables but need challenge, personal process
Flourishing definition
Dynamic optimal state of psychosocial functioning that arises from functioning well across multiple psychsoc domains- + levels of emotional, psych and social wellbeing. Multidimensional and Components vary across researches. Enables us to measure wellbeing in one measure . Measured using mental health continuum
Deiner
3 things: + social relationships (social support, contributing to happiness of others and being respected by others). Purposeful and meaningful life and being engaged and interested in activities (confident and capable for things important to you). Made flourishing scale, short so popular, high face validity-reflects theory. Reliability. Examples: I lead a meaningful life, rewarding relationships.
Study supporting deiner -Graham and eloff
SA uni students across 3 time points, including covid. Sig decreased over time, esp during covid. Social items weren’t sig so they are stable, contribute to good wellbeing not bad
Ryff
6 aspects: social acceptance (feel good about self even tho limitations), + relationships w others (dev and maintain warm and trusting) autonomy (individuality and authority in diverse contexts) environmental mastery: degree ind shapes thier environemnt to meet needs/goals) purpose (meaning in actions) personal growth. Made scale of psych wellbeing, high reliability, diff sub scale for each so more items e.g. not afraid to voice my ops, I feel in charge of situations
Study supporting ryff
Liu 2009: Japan uni, how scales link to depression and anxiety e.g. dysphoric mood. Autonomy - linked to anxiety, mastery - to both, positive relations for both, purpose neither and self acceptance both- predictive
Keyes - flourishing and languishing
Built on ryffs idea as he ignored hedonic and social well-being.flourishing defined as high levels of satisfaction, fulfilment, range of + emotional experiences and less freq-, sense of meaning and purpose. Languishing is frequent distress and despair, less freq + emotions, poor sense of satis and fulfilment, meaning and purpose. To have high wellbeing, need to be flourishing. Ind has a score, regardless of country high is flourishing, low languishing or in the middle (mod)
Keyes- social and emotional
Emotional: + affect, being happy and interest in life and activities, life satis. Social well-being is BIGGEST CONTRIBUTION OT LIT. Social coherence (understand word to make sense of experience) acceptance (good view of people in general) actualisation (think society will improve) contribution (what you contribute is valuable) integration (you are part of instead of reject society). 40 items so long less used but 14 version, reliable
Study supporting Keyes Joshanloo and nostratabadi 2009
Uni of tehran, did big 5 questions and flourishing long form, those who didn’t fit were mod mentally healthy. Higher extroversion sig linked to flourishing over the others. Agreeableness for flourishing and mod over languishing, conc same, neurot decreases between all, openness not sig. extroverts have more social interactions so more authentic social experiences
Tennant
Say can’t have reverse scored items and - focus means don’t understand concept, emphasis on MH issues detracts from engage,ent w initiatives, all measures need to be +. 14 items w 3 main: + affect like optimism, relaxation. Satisfying interpersonal relationships and + functioning like energy, clear thinking, acceptance. WEBMAS measure like feeling optimistic, relaxed
Study supporting tenant Cetin 2021
Turkey- looking at demographic predictors of wellbeing in dentist students. Sig diff for gender, men higher. Living accommodation non sig, dentistry first choice higher, smoking , parental education non sig . Those engaging in regular sports or hobby sig higher
Seligman PERMA
5 pillars: + emotions and - across low and high arousal. Engagement: emoiitnla, cognitive, behavioural dimensions like flow, absorption, dedication (multidimensional) relationships (social ties, qual, support, satis w support, giving support to others) meaning (direction, larger than self) accomplishment (mastery and efficacy). Perma profiler butler and kern- reliability good but range as many items.g. Goals, joyful, support
Study supporting seligman Tansey 2017:
New Yorkstem students w disabilities, found sig link between disability and life satis (-), also disability sig - link to perma. Perma + link to life satis but when perma mediated, non sig link between disability and life satis so perma fully explains life satis. If disability but high perma, have high life satis- can target for intervention
Intersectionality background
Majority of well-being work done on white ppl from high income, democratic, industrialised countries so we need to look at multiple intersecting groups and social identities. Intersectionality considers connections across social groups. Overall SES is the biggest impact
Intersectionality and hedonic
The u curve graph w anger decreasing in US.Similar pattern exists across countries but there is a diff at the age the curve turns upwards, wealthier countries turn up earlier e.g. uk, us, but South America, India and Russia later. Exton 2015: when looking at more detailed measures e.g. reported smiling or laughing the previous day, get lower + responses in central and Eastern Europe, South Asia and Middle East but higher in Western Europe, Southeast Asia, latin, Caribbean - disputes as low income happy. When looked at feeling enjoyment prev day see sub Saharan Africa higher similar to South Asia! Europe. Low in iraq and Syria due to conflict but highest in typical plus latin and Caribbean
Life satisfaction
Decreased in former soviet and Eastern European, latin and Caribbean across gender so SES not sole factor. In English speaking, women are happier. Gender stable but low in SSA. Ji 2022: in east Asia, sig lower satis in young ppl compared to Canada but older people the same or higher, some of the happiest, more successful ageing in hedonic
Diffs in - emotions
No gender diffs but gap in wealthy countries, links between ses and ethnic. - emotion in former soviet and eastern eu but stable in ssa and Caribbean. More ethnic diffs in east Asia, - emotions not a strong predictor of wellbeing
Oh 22
Oh 2022: large data set, majority white, each year of age linked to 2% increase flourishing, higher among cis than other genders (same as hedonic) black had highest and Asian lowest- due to area of us. Mirrors rates of daily happiness in ssa countries and wellbeing rates in Asian as East Asians had lowest hedonic. More flourishing in hetero, minorities had 61% less
SES -ryff
Ryff: social indicators movements, levels of hedonic depended on availability of psychological, physical and material resources so most linked to gdp and age. Higher wellbeing in wealthy countries, also among those w private healthcare- means older should be worse as illness but aren’t. Supporting is China, Japan but India have high gdp but low wellbeing
SES linked to cultural factors
Ethnicity may buffer impact of ses on wellbeing e.g. shared cultural practices in ssa. Higher levels of social cohesion and belonging increases audaimonic as Chanel for satisfying needs, increase psych wellbeing as life only has meaning when connected to others. Conflict negates impact, explains ssa as some countries have no healthcare as fastest growing elderly. Russia 8th on gdp but become happier one of the latest- due to lack of social connectedness due to commie. Engaging in social com more sig impact than financial or physical health. Those w higher incomes use resources to dev social capital
Ethnicity and wellbeing - China and ses
Bian 2014: higher levels in Chinese providences w higher gdp, link between house income and happiness.also link between East Asian and social connectedness. Miao and wu: among elderly, social participation sig impacted levels of wellbeing in hing kong but not urban China or Taiwan.
Intersectionality and well-being - gender norms
Impact of higher ses on wellbeing not equal as in YA w higher than men. Batz- young have low levels of wellbeing when doing gender related chores, so women have higher when breaking norms but men don’t. In aus, young females well-being higher living alone than men living alone
Reading
Wellbeing can be improved by using resources- sense of coherence is central resource. Has comprehensability, manageability and meaningfulness. In ghana, no gender and age interaction, no sig effect of age but gender sig as females higher sense of coherence, f higher wellbeing 18-21. This is bc ghana government has intervention for women. The u curve: curve turns earlier for happier ppl in happier countries. When control factors, happiness more stable but financial satisfaction has u curve and health satis decreases w age. Linked to gdp and healthcare
China and religion
More than just communal practices, also place of origin and beliefs. Islamic northwest higher than han in west as they have greater religious freedom. Buddhism in Tibet, more freedom so wellbeing no longer linked to ses but reversed when religious suppression. In China, believing in higher power linked to wellbeing, giving purpose not social activities
