Part 4 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Resilience background
Has a + impact on wellbeing, increases adaptation. A resilient person has: assests (internal strengths like coping skills/efficacy), resources (external like social support) and existential support (spiritual) these have an impact on wellbeing in different models
The different models
Compensatory: each factor has direct independent impact on wellbeing, counteract the - expereince e.g. mindfulness. Protective models: moderate effect of - expereince and reduce - outcome but enhancing + or shielding - e.g. social support as reduces stress and enhances hope. Challenge models: promote factors in curvelinear: only word at mod levels as develop higher adaptation, at lower, the factor isn’t triggered and higher we get overwhelmed e.g. coping
The different ways of studying the models
Compensatory use mediation where compensatory resilience mitigates another factor on wellbeing. Protective use moderation, prescience of protective influences relationship between - expereince and wellbeing. Challenge need longitudinal, growth curve so not many
Compensatory studies
Yu: China, low ses students. Psycap partially mediated ostracism-depression link. All the relationships sig, high O means low psycap, high depression. Lin: in China: victimisation and self efficacy effect mental health but efficacy doesn’t mediate MH. In Germany efficacy mediates victimisation on MH as compensates. Resilience mediates effect of victimisation in both. AUS: maladaptive perfectionism predicts depression, mediated by hope (agency and pathways). Turkey: loneliness linked to lower flourishing and satisfaction but compensated by self esteem
Protective model studies
Dualay 2022: Muslim girls religion strengthened the link between gratitude and wellbeing. In Latinos: low social support means more anxiety from stress but not in white. In depression, higher social support protects in both groups
Resilience as inherited or not background
Inherited: some born w higher levels of resilient personality profile, more likely to adapt and have higher wellbeing, without have long term impacts. Developed says it’s a dynamic process learned at any time, depends on environemnt and internal. May be innate characteristic but can be enhanced or diminished depending on factors, not always present in all situations as if new expereince, no resilience but will fromnthen on
Psychobiological - cloninger
Resilient person has resilient temperament, inherited trait for automatic reactions, stable over time. Behavioural activation or inhibition- people more likely to respond with anger or sadness. Resilient character traits: character an emotional response formed via environment over time. 4 inherited temperament dimensions: novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence (approval) and persistence. Developed: self directedness (locus), cooperativeness (society) and self transcendence (spiritual)
Psychobiological studies
Kim: all the factors sig apart from reward dependence, highest for persistence (more genetic). Australia: sig effects on resilience were harm avoidance, rewar dependence, persistence, self directedness, cooperativeness, self transcendence
Neuroticism
Being emotionally volatile and - response to stress, viewed at stable and genetic as overactive inhibition in brain and anxiety regions, sig relationship w temperament- hereditary. Or developed as parent intrusiveness, changeablity and lack of care linked to perception world is threatening, - beliefs about coping, focus on criticism as sense of inadequacy and control over events. Ercan: Turkey, N predicted lower trait resilience, big 5 w resilience, N strongest in Romania
Reading- motivation systems theory
Pattern of goals, emotions and personal agency beliefs contribute to motivation. Resilient students have goals, beliefs, environemnt that supports social, control and extra curricular. Believe in thier socisl and cog abilities
Resilience and wellbeing need in uni background
Have chall, a third report psych distress. Have interventions which target wellbeing with skills to manage stressors (resilience) like counselling . Demand has increased but some don’t seek formal help so need informal/non traditional
Traditional methods for improving wellbeing/resilince
Psychotherapy: increases hedonic by targeting elements of perma/flourishing by seligman: + emotion, engage and meaning. Have sessions with role of emotions, relationships, meaning, strengths and how to deal with issues (self esteem, efficacy) khanjani: Tehran: therapy decreases depression, anxiety, stress, increases perma, sig to pre test but not straight after so decreases but not to pre levels. Guo: China: depression decreases over time and increases efficacy so looked at intervention*time and intervention more effective than just time
Traditional - linehan and uliaszek
Dialectical behaviour therapy is for high emotion situations, mindful training (distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, emotional regulation, mindfulness)- coping with emotions. Toronto: both dbt and positive psychotherapy were as effective as each other at decreasing dep and anxiety, increases mindfulness (can also focus on -)
Non traditional methods for improving resilience and wellbeing - SDT
SDT: Ryan and deci: autonomy: extending capabilities, challenges, like engagement, flow (learning for fun). Competence: self endorsed behaviour, internal locus. Relatedness: connecting with others. Leads to high wellbeing. A-mindfulness, exercise. C-volunteering R- sports
Mindfulness-non traditional -SDT (Autonomy)
Gallego 2014: Spain . Mindfulness and PE sig reduced stress, mindfulness more, mindfulness reduced stress the most, anxiety and depression. Behzadnia 2012:non athletes from Iran did aerobic dancing. Had increased ryffs: autonomy, mastery, growth, relation, purpose, accceptance and across testing stages. De sousa 2012: Brazil:mindfulness and arts and crafts improve wellbeing, mindfulness more,imdful: cortisol non sig, in arts: - affect and cortisol sig not state anxiety and stress. Bagienski: learning magic and mindfulness led to decreased DAS, magic led to greater wellbeing sense and greater after 1m
Volunteering- competence and relatedness
Balashhov: Italians more likely to volunteer long term, Ukrainians only once. Italian had higher social well-being not psych, volunteering not linked to social wellbeing in Ukrainians. Stronger link volunteering and wellbeing in Italians. Italian more emotional. Less volunteering affects social wellbeing of Italians more
Sports - relatenedness . And altruism theory
Goswami and sarkar 2016:: team sports better wellbeing than aquatic, combat higher than aquatic - closeness of wrestling. Altruism theory is helping others benefits the giver. Warm glow theory is feel good is internal reward. In China link between volunteering and wellbeing, more than charity giving
Self transcendence
Capacity to push past boundaries and integrate perspectives beyond self but not negate self. Expand boundaries inward via introspection, temporally by past and future impacting present, outward via concern for others and trans personal w higher power. Don’t have to connect w something physical, better hedonic, + affect and satis, eudaimonic, connectedness and social, resilience as coping. Eudaimonic staircase: higher wellbeing as develop in challenge
Transcendence studies
Faran: music link to flow, found absorption in music linked to increased wellbeing. Journaling generates self reflection, found increases gratitude, life, satis, + affect and adjustment to uni. Prayer: no sig change in dep, stress or satis but did for anxiety and hope more than 15m per week, under decreased. - connection to self and others via god. Centred prayer is repeating one word, connection to self and god but not others
Self esteem and efficacy vary in what apparently
Differ in thier inpact based on a persons background
