Part 1 Flashcards by Lana Gustafson

Massage is defined as

a) the kneading of deep tissues and fascia
b) systematic and scientific manipulation of soft and superficial tissue
c) high impact manipulation of the soft tissue component
d) connective tissue manipulation

b) systematic and scientific manipulation of soft and superficial tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The smallest unit of structure of all living things is the

a) body
b) atom
c) organelle
d) cell

d) cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The brain and the spinal cord are in the

a) dorsal cavity
b) ventral cavity
c) cranial cavity
d) caudal cavity

a) dorsal cavity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

At which burn classification does the skin look white, blackened or charred?

a) 2nd
b) 1st
c) 4th
d) 3rd

d) 3rd

Sometimes called a “full thickness burn,” this type of injury destroys two full layers of your skin. Instead of turning red, it may appear black, brown, white or yellow. It won’t hurt because this type of burn damages nerve endings.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is not a function of the skeletal system?

a) support
b) posture
c) mineral storage
d) blood cell formation

b) posture

also movement and protection of internal organs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The primary functions of muscles are

a) heat production, support, movement
b) movement, posture, support
c) support, movement, exercise
d) heat production, movement, posture

d) heat production, movement, posture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Abduction is

a) extension of the coronal plane
b) flexion of the sagittal plane
c) flexion of the coronal plane
d) extension of the sagittal plane

a) extension (moving away from) of the coronal plane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glands that secrete products into ducts are called

a) exocrine
b) endocrine
c) sebaceous
d) none of the above

a) exocrine

Examples of exocrine glands include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, prostate and mucous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Glands that secrete their product into the blood stream are called

a) exocrine
b) endocrine
c) sebaceous
d) none of the above

d) endocrine

Hypothalamus; Pineal Gland; Pituitary Gland; Thyroid; Parathyroid; Thymus; Adrenals; Pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The primal function of the red blood cells is

a) defense against microbes
b) transport of gases
c) blood clotting
d) to produce plasma

b) transport of gases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blood is composed of

a) Serum, RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets
b) plasma, WBC’s, erythrocytes, serum
c) plasma, RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets
d) platelets, thrombocytes, formed elements

c) plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

The liquid part, called plasma, is made of water, salts, and protein. Over half of your blood is plasma. The solid part of your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells (RBC) deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The universal blood donor is ___

O negative

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The universal blood recipient is ___

AB Rh D positive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The two systems responsible for gas exchange are

a) respiratory and nervous
b) nervous and cardiovascular
c) respiratory and cardiovascular
d) none of the above

c) respiratory and cardiovasular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The structure where gas exchange takes place is the

a) bronchus
b) lung
c) alveoli
d) respiratory mucosa

c) alveoli (and capillaries)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carbohydrate digestion is accomplished by the following enzymes

a) amylase
b) maltase
c) sucrase
d) all of the above

d) all of the above

Digestion starts in the mouth: Saliva releases an enzyme called amylase
Carbs travel thru esophagus to stomach. Food is
now referred to as chyme. Stomach acid kills bacteria
From there chyme goes into first part of small intestine (duodenum). Then pancreas releases amylase. This enzyme breaks down the chyme into dextrin and maltose.
Small intestine makes lactase, sucrase, and maltase. These break down sugars into monosaccharides or single sugars. The single sugars are then processed by the liver and stored as glycogen. Other sugars are moved through the body by the bloodstream. The hormone insulin is released from the pancreas and allows the glucose to be used as energy.
Anything that’s left over after these digestive processes goes to the colon. It’s then broken down by intestinal bacteria. Fiber is contained in many carbohydrates and cannot be digested by the body. It reaches the colon and is then eliminated with your stools.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The functional unit of the kidney is

a) nephron
b) glomerolus
c) rena tubule
d) meoulla

a) nephron

Its chief function is to regulate water and soluble substances by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The term that describes the reclining position is

a) prone
b) hyper extended
c) supine
d) resting position

c) supine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The humerus articulates with the

a) ulna
b) radius
c) scapula
d) all of the above

d) all of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The four types of tissue are

a) connective, nervous, muscle, serous
b) epithelial, nervous, connective, squamous
c) nervous, epithelial, muscle, connective
d) muscle, connective, cartilage, epithelial

c) nervous, epithelial, muscle, connective

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the “all or none” principal mean?

The response of a nerve or muscle fiber to a stimulus at any strength above the threshold is the same: the muscle or nerve responds completely or not at all.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The sagittal plane

a) divides into unequal left and right parts
b) divides into equal left and right halves
c) divides into anterior and posterior parts
d) none of the above

a) unequal left and right parts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

a) cartilage
b) pelvic inlet
c) ribs
d) diaphragm

d) diaphragm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The axial skeleton contains these bones:

a) ribs, sternum, hyoid, clavicle
b) skull, ossicles, hyoid, ribs, sternum, vertebrae
c) vertebrae, pelvis, skull, ribs
d) none of the above

b) skull, ossicles (middle ear), hyoid, ribs, sternum, vertebrae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What connects muscles to bones? a) tendons b) ligaments c) cartilage d) all of the above

a) tendons

To sedate a client which of the following is indicated? a) slow movement b) rhythmical movement c) moderate pressure d) all of the above

d) all of the above

R.I.C.E. stands for a) relief, ice, compression, elevation b) raise, ischemia, cold, elevation c) rest, ice, compression, elevation d) rest, ice, cold, elevation

c) rest, ice, compression, elevation

The shoulder joint is an example of a) gliding joint b) hinge joint c) ball an socket joint d) pivot joint

c) ball and socket joint

What are the 6 types of joints?

``` Ball and socket joint (only hip, shoulder; all da moves) Hinge joint (e.g. elbow (sometimes knee); one axis) Condyloid joint (e.g. wrist; biaxial; side to side, up and down, but no rotation) Pivot joint (e.g. btw C1 and C2; bone moves around own axis) Plane joint (e.g. carpals/metacarpals; gliding; very limited mvmt) Saddle joint (e.g. thumb; similar to condyloid, but more range) ```

What is the best position for massaging a pregnant woman? a) prone b) supine c) side-lying d) postural release position

c) left side-lying; use bolsters under head, under belly, between legs

Which endangerment site is locate behind the knee? a) popliteal artery b) median nerve c) carotid artery d) femoral artery

a) popliteal artery

Which endangerment site is located in the anterior elbow? a) popliteal artery b) carotid artery c) jugular vein d) median cubital vein

d) median cubital vein (aka median basilic vein) It is a superficial vein, meaning that it lies close to the skin. It is very clinically relevant as it is routinely used for venipuncture (taking blood) and as a site for an intravenous cannula

What is the best movement to relieve muscle cramps? a) tapotement and effleurage b) effleurage and vibration c) effleurage and friction d) friction and tapotement

d) friction and tapotement

Which is the best method for spasms or pain spasms? a) tapotement b) petrissage c) friction d) effleurage

c) friction

Which plane divides the body into front and back? a) coronal b) lateral c) sagittal d) medial

a) coronal

Where does the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) originate? a) cerebellum b) sagittal sinus c) choroid plexus d) occipital pole

c) choroid plexus CSF protects brain and spinal cord from trauma. CSF supplies nutrients to nervous system tissue. CSF removes waste products from cerebral metabolism.

The most abundant tissue in the body is: a) epithelial b) muscular c) connective d) nervous

c) connective tissue that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs, typically having relatively few cells embedded in an amorphous matrix, often with collagen or other fibers, and including cartilaginous, fatty, and elastic tissues.

The liver is located in which quadrant? a) left upper b) right lower c) left lower d) right upper

d) right upper

What are the main endangerment sites of the human body?

- areas in which nerves and blood vessels surface close to skin and are not well protected my muscle or connective tissues - areas containing fragile bony projections that could be broken off - kidney area - eyes - area inferior to the ear (facial nerve, styloid process, external carotid artery) - posterior cervical area (spinous processes, cervical plexus) - lymph nodes - medial brachium (between biceps, triceps) - musculocutaneous, median, ulnar nerves

What are the major neurons of the human body?

motor, sensory, interneuron Sensory neurons carry information from the sensory receptor cells throughout the body to the brain. Motor neurons transmit information from the brain to the muscles of the body. Interneurons are responsible for communicating information between different neurons in the body

Which is the deepest layer of the skin? a) subcutaneous b) dermis c) epidermis d) none of the above

a) subcutaneous, also called hypodermis

Pointing your foot downward is a) plantarflexion b) eversion c) dorsiflexion d) extension

a) plantarflexion like standing on tiptoes; could also call it extension of the ankle joint

The suffix "asis" means a) stable condition b) abnormal condition c) condition of d) painful condition

b) abnormal condition

Which of the following is an example of a synovial joint? a) amphiarthrotic b) synarthrotic c) diarthrotic d) none of the above

c) diarthrotic All synovial joints are functionally classified as diarthroses An amphiarthrosis is a joint that has limited mobility A synarthrosis is a type of joint which permits very little or no movement under normal conditions.

The rotator cuff consist of which muscles?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapicularis (SITS)

Which medical term means flow? a) plegia b) emia c) uria d) rrhea

d) rrhea

The elbow is what to the shoulder? a) proximal b) medial c) distal d) lower

c) distal

How much is the maximum fine that a person can be fined under Chapter 452? a) $100 b) $5000 c) $500 d) $1000

d) $1000

Who is in charge when the PMT is not on the premises? a) the owner b) a LMT c) the board d) none of the above

b) a massage therapist who has been designated to act in that capacity when the PMT is absenced every establishment/outcall servcie must have such a person

In which cavity are the lungs located? a) thoracic b) abdominal c) dorsal d) pleural

d) thoracic The pleural cavity is the space that lies between the pleura, the two thin membranes that line and surround the lungs.

What is the purpose of draping? a) privacy b) sanitation c) warmth d) a and c

d) a and c

In which quadrant are the kidneys located? a) left upper b) right lower c) right upper d) left lower

TRICK QUESTION there are two kidneys, so the correct answer is a) and c)

The radius is __ to the ulna. a) medial b) proximal c) lateral d) distal

c) lateral

Which is the upper bone of the lower extremity? a) tibia b) femur c) patella c) fibula

b) femur

What muscles close the jaw? a) temporalis b) masseter c) pterygoind d) zygomatic

b) masseter

What is the olecranon process? a) a cranial bone b) a hole in a bone c) a bone of the elbow d) a leg bone

c) a bone of the elbow (more or less the funny bone) The olecranon is a strong process of the proximal and posterior ulna that, together with the coronoid process, forms the trochlear notch

What is a synapse? a) immovable joint b) nerve ending c) impulse d) junction

d) a junction between two nerve cells

What does the quadratus lomborum do? a) lateral flexion of the trunk b) compresses the abdomen c) keeps the spine erect d) extends the sine

a) lateral flexion of the trunk

Sweat is secreted by a) sebaceous glands b) endocrine glands c) eccrine glands d) hydroductic glands

c) eccrine glands

What activates the sweat glands? a) thermoreceptor nerves b) the excretory system c) sudoriferous nerves d) the autonomic nervous system

d) the autonomic nervous system

The motion of raising your arms as if saying goodbye is called a) adduction b) abduction c) extension d) circumduction

b) abduction Pocahontas goodbye

What do the internal obliques do? a) compress the abdomen b) abduct trunk c) adduct trunk d) b and c

a) compress the abdomen

What is the function of the hyoid bone? a) assists in vocalization b) supports the tongue c) blocks food from entering the trachea d) connects the bones of the neck

b) supports the tongue

What is a foramen? a) a hole b) a depression c) a fracture d) a covering

a) a hole an opening, hole, or passage, especially in a bone. e.g. in vertebrae to allow the spinal nerves to pass from the spinal cord through the vertebral column

Where is hemoglobin found? a) white blood cells b) platelets c) red blood cells d) all of the above

c) red blood cells

What fluid other than blood is used to drain the body? a) ebdoplasmic b) chyme c) cerebralspinal d) lymphatic

d) lymphatic a colorless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream

What does the latissimus dorsi do? a) draws arms backwards b) moves arms toward midline c) medially rotates arms d) all of the above

c) all of the above an important muscle in many exercises such as pull-ups, chin-ups, lat pulldowns, and swimming - adduction of the arm - extension of the arm - medially rotates the arm

Which is a bone of the foot? a) carpals b) tibia c) metatarsal d) fibula

c) metatarsal

What is the action called when one or more muscles assist the prime mover? a) active assistive b) synergy c) complementary grouping d) sympathetic induction

b) synergy

What is the synovial fluid? a) lubricates joints b) surrounds the brain c) spinal cord fluid d) lubricates muscles

a) lubricates joints

The radius is what to the humerus a) proximal b) medial c) distal d) lateral

c) distal

What type of pain is characterized by temporary, sudden and localized pain? a) chronic b) acute c) referred d) phantom

b) acute

Peroneus longus is a muscle of a) the arm b) the trunk c) the leg d) the spine

c) the leg (aka fibularis longus) superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg, and acts to evert and plantarflex the ankle

Which muscle reaches from the thorax to the pubis? a) Rectus abdominis b) External obliques c) sacrospinalis d) quadratus lumborum

a) rectus abdominis

What is a sebaceous gland? a) endocrine gland b) eccline gland c) sweat gland d) oil gland

d) oil gland secretes sebum into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair

The simplest nerve action which involves sensory and motor nerves is called a) sympathetic pain b) monosynaptic impulse c) reflex d) single axon loop

c) reflex an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus. A reflex is made possible by neural pathways called reflex arcs which can act on an impulse before that impulse reaches the brain

The appendicular skeleton contains a) legs, arms, shoulders, hips b) arms, feet, ribs c) feet, hands, face d) shouler, hips, ankles

a) legs, arms, shoulders, hips

Where two bones are attached to produce movement a) articulation b) synovial joint c) ball and socket joint d) innervation

a) articulation OR b) (the actual point where the bones meet) Sometimes joint and articulation are used synonymously Articulation more specifically refers to the actual area where the bones meet. Joint is the larger complex structure

When the strength of a muscle contraction decreases, this is called a) muscle atrophy b) anabolic contraction c) twitch contraction d) none of the above

a) muscle atrophy

In the anatomical position, if you turn your palms backward, this hand position is called a) pronation b) supination c) dorsiflexion d) paterior

a) pronation

Some info about carbohyrates

3 main types of carbs: starches or complex carbs; sugars or simple carbs; fiber (isn't digested/broken down) simple & complex break into glucose

The tibia is __ to the fibula. a) distal b) lateral c) proximal d) medial

d) medial

Part 1 Flashcards

(82 cards)