Part 2

Question 1

What is the difference between impression management and impression formation?

Answer 1

Impression management is any effort aimed at influencing the perceptions that other people have about outselves.

Impression formation is when interacting with another person and you form a number of ideas about them

Question 2

How does imperession management/formation change on social media?

Answer 2

1. Communication is asynchronous. (Delay in responses, delete/edit message)
2. Cues are reduced
3. The context in shared

Question 3

What is the message of the hyperpersonal model of computer mediated communication? (Walther, 1996)

Answer 3

Communicating via mediated channels gives us more control over our self-presentation. We can be selective, asynchronous and make crafted displays of the self.

Question 4

What is the Lens Model? (brunswick, 1955)

Answer 4

The lens model is a way of describing the relations between the environment and the behavior of organisms in the environment.

Cue utilization: link between observable cue and observer’s judgement.

Cue validity: link between observable cue and occupant’s as actual level of underlying construct.

Question 5

What is the warranting theory? (Walther & Parks, 2002)

Answer 5

It states that some cues have more warranting value than others. Specifically, cues that are less vulnerable to manipulation by the self presenter. These cues should be more influential in the impression formation process.

Warranting principle: The greater the difficulty to manipulate, the higher the value of the Information.

Warranting credibility: The degree to which an online cue is believed to be immune to manipulation (Hall et al., 2012).

Warranting value: The degree to which observers rely upon certain cues to judge user personality (depends on who generates it, whether it is manipulable) “

Question 6

Which profile elements have the most warranting value?

Answer 6

1. Self generated photos, profile information.
2. Friend generated tags, comments
3. System generated number of friends (if not bought)

Question 7

What is the correspondence bias?

Answer 7

It’s the tendency to assume that others actions and words reflect their personality or stable personal disposition, rather than being affected by situational factors.

Question 8

What does depth and breadth means in the concept of self disclosure?

Answer 8

Depth: degree to which information is revealed is personal/intimate.

Breadth: amount of personal topics covered in a conversation.

Question 9

Why self-disclose?

Answer 9

1. Responds to individual attitudes and dispositions.
2. To construct romantic relationships
3. To increase self-validation and self-esteem
4. Allows users to showcase different sides of their identity.

Question 10

What is the difference between self-disclosure and self-presentation?

Answer 10

Self disclosure is just a part of the wat in which we present ourselfs (small circle), where self presentation is broader and determined by the level of attachment within the relationship (big circle).

Question 11

What is the thought behind the self-exhibition museum model and what is the critic on it? (hogan, 2011)

Answer 11

The thought is that we are all curators of our own exhibition, people monitor self-presentation at all times.

Critic: Goffman (theater perfromance) states that performance is not a good methaphor for life on screen.

Question 12

What are the there main differences between offline and online self-presentation? (McEwan)

Answer 12

1. Verbal and non-verbal cues are different.
2. Audience can be difficult to predict.
3. Audience can receive messages differently.

Question 13

What is the thought behind the theater performance theory of Goffman?

Answer 13

That every human interaction is for its protagonists (main character) an occasion to perform their identities, they act exactly like actors on a stage.

Question 14

What is an opinion leader?

Answer 14

Influential members of a community, group or society to whom others turn for advise, opinions and views.

Question 15

What was the result of the theory of influence? (lazarsfeld & Katz, 1955)

Answer 15

Two-step model of communication. They noticed that despite the diffusion of mass media, audience were still more influenced in their decisions by individuals they trusted (opinion leaders)

Question 16

What is an influencer?

Answer 16

A person with the ability to influence potential buyers of a product or service by promoting or recommending the items on social media.

Question 17

What are the definitions of a social media influencer?

Answer 17

Someone who has built a sizeable social network of people following them. (De veirman, Cauberghe & hudders, 2017)

An individual who enjoys public recognition and who uses this recognition on behalf of brand by appearing with it on social media. (Jin & Phua, 2014)

Question 18

What is meant by self-branding as a lens?

Answer 18

1. Individuals, like goods, have a Unique selling point.

2. Their public identity, that is singularly charismatic and responsive to the needs/interests of a target audience.

Question 19

How did self-branding rise on social media?

Answer 19

1. Social media promises Fame and wealth to ordinary users, and therefore encourages practices of micro-celebrity.
2. Within a political culture of neoliberal individualism, self-branding is encouraged with the promise of rewards.
   3, the commerical viability of some social media influencers has proven to be inspirational and seemingly replicable.

Question 20

What is the match-up hypothesis?

Answer 20

The hypothesis suggests that endorsers are more effective when there is a “fit” beteren the endorser and the endorsed product. The following dimensions play a role:

1. Attractiveness: similarity, familiarity & likeability.
2. Source credibility: knowledge, experience & trustworthiness.

Question 21

What was the research of Young et al., 2013 about?

Answer 21

Emergency of HIV diffusion among gay minorities around LA. The key idea was to employ online influencers to positively influence behaviors of their audience and reduce both contagion and stigma.