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IMSE LEC > part 2 lec1t INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY > Flashcards

part 2 lec1t INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Engulfment of cells and particulate matter by
leukocyte, macrophage and other cells.

A

phagocytosis

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2
Q

a process where Cells are attracted to the site of inflammation by
chemical substances

A

chemotaxis

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3
Q

Positive chemotaxis: ___ the stimulus

A

Towards

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4
Q

Negative chemotaxis: ____ from the
stimulus

A

Away

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5
Q

examples of chemotaxins

A

Ex. C5a, C5b, C6, C7

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6
Q

Coating of Antibody and/or complement to FACILITATE
phagocytosis.

A

OPSONIZATION

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7
Q

examples of opsonins

A

C3b, C4b, C5b (complement components), fibronectin,
leukotrienes, immunoglobulins

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8
Q

it is a common component of serum

A

opsonins or opsonization

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9
Q

steps in opsonization

A
  1. Physical contact between the WBC and the foreign
    particle
  2. Formation of phagosome
  3. Fusion with cytoplasmic granule to form
    phagolysosome
  4. Digestion and release of debris to the outside
    (exocytosis)
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10
Q

a process in which the leukocytes are prepared in phagocytosis/preparation for eating

A

opsonization

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11
Q

why is there an attachment with the foreign substance and the leukocytes, it is because of the?

A

opsonins

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12
Q

are serum proteins that can be attached and helps to prepare for it in the process of phagocytosis

A

opsonins

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13
Q

once attached, there will be an ___ ___ in the cytoplasm

A

overflowing

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14
Q

2 types of phagocytosis

A

indirect and direct

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15
Q

a type of phagocytosis that is Via OPSONIN receptors that recognize
opsonins such as IgG, CRP and C3b bound to
microorganisms.

A

indirect

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16
Q

a type of phagocytosis that is Via Pattern Recognition Receptors that
recognize lipid and carbohydrate sequences
on microorganisms.

A

direct phagocytosis

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17
Q
A
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17
Q

what are the different pathway of killing pathogens by phagocytes?

A

oxygen dependent and oxygen independent

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18
Q
A
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18
Q

a pathway of killing pathogen which respiratory burst occurs

A

oxygen dependent

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19
Q

occurs when the
cytoplasmic pseudopods enclosed the
particle within a vacuole.

A

respiratory burst

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20
Q

a pathway of killing pathogens by phagocytes where there will be a Production of nitric oxide from oxidation of L
arginine by NO synthase which is produced
by IFN-gamma activated cells.

A

oxygen independent

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21
Q

in oxygen independent pathway, ___ is induced when the
phagocytic cell comes in contact with a
microorganism.

A

Nitric oxide synthetase

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22
Q

what are the characteristic of nitric oxide

A

soluble, highly labile, free radical gas that is capable of operating against organisms that invade cytosol

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23
In the presence of other reactive oxygen species within the phagosome, nitric oxide is converted to ____ and other products, which are highly toxic to bacteria, yeast and viruses
peroxynitrite
24
The overall reaction of the body to injury or invasion by an infectious agent.
inflammation
25
both ___ and ____ mechanism are involve in this complex
cellular and humoral
26
____ cause release of vasoactive and chemotactic factors that trigger a local increase in blood flow and capillary permeability.
Tissue damage
27
the characteristic of capillaries being ___ to allow the influx of fluids and cells
permeable
28
in oxygen dependent, it is a creation of ____ inside the phagocytic cell
oxygen radicals
29
events in inflammatory response
1. increase of blood supply and fluid 2. vasodilation 3. adherence of neutrophil to vessel walls - followed by the macrophage and monocyte 4. migration of wbcs to injured site/diapedesis
30
a process when there's an increase of capillary permeability
vasodilation
31
They are produced primarily by hepatocytes within 12-24 hours in response to an increase in certain intracellular signaling polypeptides called cytokines.
acute phase reactants
32
acute phase reactants are produces by
hepatocytes
33
hepatocytes will produce acute phase reactants when there's an increase in intracellular signaling polypeptides called ____
cytokines
34
what are the five cardinal signs of inflammation?
calor, dolor, tumor, rubor
35
rubor means ___
redness
36
calor means
heat
37
tumor means
swelling
38
dolor means
pain
39
function laesa means
loss of function
40
2 major acute phase reactant
c reactive protein and serum amyloid A
41
c reactive protein's 2 major function is
opsonization and complement activation
42
serum amyloid A's purpose is
removal of cholesterol
43
Were originally named because they literally interfere with viral replication process in an infected cell.
interferons
44
a humoral component component of natural immunity that has a role in immunoregulation
interferon
45
type 1 interferon is also known as
non-immune IFN/interferon
46
a type of interferon that is produced primarily during initial innate response to viral infection
type 1 IFN or non-immune interferon
47
2 types of TYPE 1 IFN
interferon a and interferon b (alpha and beta)
48
IFN- a (interferon alpha) is primarily produced by
mononuclear phagocytes
49
IFN-b (Interferon-beta) is primarily produced by
fibroblast
50
type 2 IFN is also known as
immune ifn
51
a type of interferon that is primarily produced as a component of the specific immune response to viral and other pathogens.
type 2 ifn
52
a major produces of interferon alpha is the
natural killer cells (mono nuclear phagocyte)
53
IFN- b is also called as __ because it's produced by fibroblast
fibroblast interferon
54
type 2 interferon is mainly produced by the
t cells
55
type 2 interferons are produced by the t cells specifically the
TH1 -
56
th1 is produced by
the gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor- beta
57
the th2 that is under the type 2 interferon can produced a variety of ____
interleukins including the 4, five, 10 and 30
58
the th2 we have as well has an essential role for ___ pathogens
extracellular
59
Major mediator of the innate defense against gram negative bactreria
tnf or tumor necrosis factor
60
can also directly trigger apoptotic death of some tumor cells through a receptor-mediated mechanism.
tumor necrosis factor
61
it is a pro inflammatory agent together with interleukins
TNF
62
TNF - it is a pro inflammatory agent together with interleukins what interleukins are those?
IL-1, IL-6, IL-8:
63
it induce secretions of apr's
tnf
64
tnf-a alpha is also known as
cachectin
65
tnf a are produced by
macrophages
66
tnf - b beta is also known as
lymphotoxin
67
tnf-beta is produced by
cd 4 and cd 8 cells
68
is a complex series of more than 30 soluble and cell-bound proteins that interact in a very specific way to enhance host defense mechanisms against foreign cells.
complement
69
are complement in complemen pathway, heat labile or not?
heat labile
70
a term "complement" was given by who?
paul ehrlich 1980s
71
in year ___, _____ was awarded a Noble Prize for elucidating the nature of complement.
jules bordet
72
what are the Effects of complement activation:
o Complement activation Promotes: o Activation of immune system o Opsonization (C3b, C4b, C5b) and o eventually result to LYSIS of Foreign cells and Immune complexes.
73
the chronic activation of complement pathway will lead to
inflammation and tissue damage
74
75
76
76
77
78
Most plasma complement proteins are synthesized in the
liver
78
once the zymogen is activated t will then become
holoenzyme
79
They are released in inactive precursors.
zymogens
80
how many proteins are in classical pathway?
9
80
alternative pathway is originally called as
properdin system
81
antibody dependent is part of what defense system
natural defense system
82
how properdin protein works in alternative pathway?
to stabilize the enzyme complex which is the c3b3b
83
lectin pathway's major constituent is the
mannose
83
where can we found mannose?
outer covering surface of bacteria, yeast, viruses, and protozoa
84
what are the cellular components of adaptive immunity?
b cells and t cells
85
b cells and t cells came from the
plasma cells
86
humoral components of adaptive immunity
lymphokines and antibodies
87
2 types of active adative
natural and artificial
88
natural acquired active immunity
memory b cells
89
articially acquired active immunity
attenuated vaccine, inactivated vaccine, toxoids
90
natural acquired passive immunity
birth - transplacental transfer of maternal immunity
91
what antibody is transferred through birth
IgG
92
hhuman colostrum - what antibody is related
IgG and IgA
93
artificial acquired passive
administration of immunoglobulins
94
example of artificial passive immunity
anti rabies and rhogam
95
rH immune globulin given to pregnant women to prevent the hemolytic disease of a new born
Rhogam

IMSE LEC (15 decks)

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