Part 2 Video series Flashcards
1
Q
Mechanism of action of aztreonam?
A
inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting cross linking
2
Q
Mechanism of action of azithromycin?
A
inhibit 50S subunit
3
Q
Mechanism of action of doxycyline?
A
inhibit 30S subunit
4
Q
Mechanism of action of dicloxacillin
A
blocks peptoglycan cross-linking
5
Q
Mechanism of action of moxifloxacin
A
block topo II/IV
6
Q
Mechanism of action of TMP?
A
inhibit DHF reductase
7
Q
Mechanism of action of amiodarone?
A
class 3 K channel
8
Q
Mechanism of action of atenolol
A
class 2 beta blocker
9
Q
Mechanism of action of disopyramide
A
class 1A Na channel
10
Q
Mechanism of action of diltiazem
A
class 4 Ca channel
11
Q
Mechanism of action of procainamide
A
Class 1A Na channel
12
Q
Mechanism of action of propafenone
A
Class 1C Na channel
13
Q
Mechanism of action of aspirin
A
COX1 and COX2 inhibitor
14
Q
Mechanism of action of clopidogrel
A
ADP receptor blocker
15
Q
Mechanism of action of heparin
A
antithrombin activation
16
Q
Mechanism of action of rivaroxaban
A
direct xa inhibitor
17
Q
Mechanism of action of tirofiban
A
G2b/3a
18
Q
Mechanism of action of warfarin
A
vit K factor inhibitor
19
Q
Child at well child. Anxious, able to stand unassisted, walk with assistance, say “mama” and “dada” and stack two blocks. Development of child?
A
12 months
20
Q
Causes of macrocephaly?
A
ICH, acromegaly, Tay Sachs
21
Q
Most common treatment for amblyopia?
A
eye patching good eye
22
Q
APGAR score, stands for?
A
Appearance pulse grimace activity respirations
23
Q
Infant has pink trunk but blue extremities. Breathing infrequently and has a weak cry. FLexion of his limbs, no resistance. Pulse is 105. Baby grimaces, does not move away. APGAR score?
A
6
24
Q
Infant is breathing 62 breaths/min, displaying nasal flaring, and grunting. CXR shows hazy interstitial infiltrates. Next steps in management?
A
CPAP, intubation
25
2 year old girl has low grade fever, runny nose and a bark-like cough for the past 3 days. Tired but has been playing regularly during the day and cough worsens at nighttime. On exam, patient has coarse breath sounds but no wheezing or stridor. Oxygen is 99%. Next step?
decadron
26
8 year old boy with asthma goes to well child visit. Uses albuterol inhaler 3-4 times per month. PEx is normal. Next step?
add low dose inhaled steroid
27
Empiric abx management for patient with epiglottitis?
clinda/vanc and cefepime/ceftriaxone
28
9 year old boy is seen for tachy and lightheadedness. PMH of severe asthma on multiple meds. Asthma good control. Lungs clear, oxygen sat 99%. Pulse is 150 beats/min, BP is 72/40. What med is causing sx?
theophylline
29
4 day old has 101.2 fever with witnessed seizure. What anti-infective tx is most appropriate?
amp, cefotaxime/gent, acyclovir
30
2 year old has 2 day fever 103. Parents report no other ill-like sx. Normal PEx and vital signs stable. WBC is 22,000. UA is normal. Blood and urine cx obtained. Next most appropriate step?
CXR, maybe admission, iv abx
31
3 week old is brought in for frequent projectile vomiting. Patient formula fed and vomits right after all meals. Patient losing weight. What metabolic abnormalities might be present?
hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
32
2 day old 30 week gestational age newborn has bilious vomiting and lethargy. An abd xray reveals air in the wall of intestines. Appropriate next step?
stop feeds, amp/cefotaxime/metronidazole
33
Primary risk factors for NEC?
preterm birth
| enteral feeding
34
2 month old intant boy is having frequent spitting up of milk based formula. Infant gaining normal weight. Appropriate next step?
reassurance, lactose free formula, upright feedings, thicken feeds
35
mechanism of action of antidiabetic drug that increases insulin release?
sulfonylureas
36
mechanism of action of antidiabetic drug that agonist at PPAR gamma receptors?
TZDs
37
mechanism of action of antidiabetic drug decreases heaptic gluconeogenesis?
metformin
38
mechanism of action of antidiabetic drug increases insulin sensitivity?
TZDs
39
antidiabetic drug that recommended first line tx for type 2 diabetes?
metformin
40
class of oral antibiabetic drugs that commonly causes hypoglycemia
sulfonylureas
41
antidiabetic drug that causes lactic acidosis?
metformin
42
antidiabetic drug that is not safe in patients with advance CHF
TZDs
43
antidiabetic drug that should not be used in patients with elevated serum creatinine
metformin
44
antidiabetic drug that is metabolized bny liverkl so can be used in patients with renal disease
TZDs
45
antidiabetic drug that should be stopped following administration of IV contrast
metformin
46
drug class that helps slow progression of diabetic nephropathy?
ARB/ACEI
47
greatest risk for sudden cardiac death in a patient who has just suffered an acute MI in the last few hours?
VT/VFib
48
meds that reduce mortality in patients with CHF
ACEI, beta blockers, aldosterone inhibitors
49
tx of HOCM?
beta blocker, restrict phys activity, avoid volume depletion
50
immediate tx for flash pulm edema from CHF
nitrates, PPV
51
most likely cause of LOC when high school athlete loses consciousness during a football game
HOCM
52
most likely cause of elderly man loses consciousness only when wearing a tie and a tight fitting collar
hypersensitivity carotid sinus
53
most likely cause of LOC and loss of bladder control and delayed return to baseline
seizure
54
most likely cause of LOC during venipuncture and diaphoresis pallor bradycardia
neurocardiogenic syncope
55
most likely cause of gradual LOC with diaphoresis and tachycardia in a type 1 diabetic
decreased BSG
56
most likely cause of gradual LOC with hyperglycemia and abd pain in a type 2 diabetic
HHS
57
Murmur of opening snap and rumbling late diastolic murmur at the apex
mitral stenosis
58
Murmur of bounding radial pulses and early diastolic murmur along the left sternal border
aortic regurg
59
Murmur of mid systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur
MVP
60
Murmur of weak radial pulses and crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur at the RUSB radiating to the carotids
aortic stenosis
61
Murmur of holosystolic murmur at the apex radiating to the left axilla
mitral regurg
62
Which endocrine disorder is most likely to cause a fib?
TSH, hyperthyroidism
63
Drugs used to control heart rate in patient in a flutter?
dilt or metop
64
First line pharmacotherapy for a patient with paroxysmal SVT?
IV adenosine
65
First line tx for a patient with vtach without a pulse?
CPR/defib
66
Microorganism associated with travel in the desert southwest?
coccidiodes
67
Microorganism associated with rust colored sputum?
strep pneumo
68
Microorganism associated with cave exploring?
histoplasma
69
Microorganism associated with PNA in HIV patient with CD4 less than 200
PCP
70
antiretroviral avoided during pregnancy?
efavirenz
71
antiretroviral class known to cause lactic acidosis?
NRTI - zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine, lamivudine, emtricitabine, abacavir, tenofovir
72
antiretroviral class known to cause elevated glucose and lipids
protease inhibitors - darunavir, ritonavir, indinavir, atazanavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, fosamprenavir, tipranavir
73
antiretroviral class known to cause rash
NNRTI - efavirenz, nevirapine, rilpivirine, etravirineq
74
antiretroviral class known to cause diarrhea
protease inhibitors - darunavir, ritonavir, indinavir, atazanavir
75
antiretroviral agent causing fatal hypersens reaction?
abacavir
76
antiretroviral agent causing hyperbili
atazanavir
77
antiretrotival agent boosting levels of other protease inhibitor
ritonavir
78
65 year old man presents with hematuria and vague back pain. WBC is 5500 and hgb is 21. Dx?
Renal cell carcinoma
79
38 year old man presents with hemoptysis and recurrent sinusitis. Urine shows microscopic hematuria. Type of glomerulonephritis? tx?
grandulomatosis with polyangiitis
cyclophosphamide and steroids
80
most common cause of upper GI bleeding?
PUD, esophagitis, esophagel varices
81
Most likely cause of anemia with restless legs syndrome
iron defn
82
most likely cause of anemia in a patient who east ice
iron defn
83
most likely cause of anemia that develops after taking sulfa drug
G6PD
84
most likely cause of microcytic anemia in an alcoholic
sideroblastic
85
most likely cause of microcytic anemia in a patient with RA
AOCD
86
most likely cause of microcytic anemia with neuro sx
lead poisoning
87
most likely cause of megaloblastic anemia with neuro sx
b12 defn
88
most likely cause of megaloblastic anemia without neuro sx
folate
89
malignancy which is always positive for t(9;22)
CML
philadelphia chromosome
90
malignancy of 10 year old boy with trisomy 21
ALL
91
malignancy treated with bortezomib plus melphalan
MM
92
malignancy treated with ATRA
AML, M3
93
malignancy treated with thalidomide
MM
94
malignancy treated with rituximab
non-hodgkin CD20
95
malignancy treated with imatinib
CML
96
Cause of amenorrhea for ballet dancer with eating disorder
functional hypothalamic
97
Cause of amenorrhea for short stature, low set ears and webbed neck
turner syndrome
98
Cause of amenorrhea following dilation and curettage after spontaneous abortion
ashermann syndrome
99
Cause of amenorrhea with cyclic pelvic pain and blue bulge at introitus on exam
imperforate hymen
100
Cause of amenorrhea with elevated testosterone level and no axillary or pubic hair on exam
androgen insens
101
Cause of amenorrhea with overweight female with acne and hirsutism
PCOS
102
Cause of amenorrhea with postpartum patient with inability to breastfeed
sheehan syndrome
103
Cause of amenorrhea with patient with anosmia
kallmann syndrome
104
Cause of amenorrhea with patient with galactorrhea
pituitary adenoma
105
Cause of amenorrhea, most common cause
pregnancy
106
antidepressant choice for depressed patient with insomnia
atypicals
107
antidepressant first line for most cases of unipolar depression
SSRI
108
antidepressant good choice for patient who cannot tolerate SSRI sexual dysfunction
bupropion
109
antidepressant good choice for patient with appetite suppression and weight loss
mirtazapine
110
antidepressant that may helpo with smoking cessation
bupoprion
111
antidepressant in overdose may cause sedation and life threatening arrhythmias
TCAs
112
medication used to prevent vasospasm after a subarachnoid hemorrhage
nimodipine
113
HA made worse by foods containing tyramine
migraine
114
HA obese woman with papilledema
IIH
115
HA jaw muscle pain when chewing
temporal arteritis
116
HA periorbital pain with ptosis and miosis
cluster HA
117
HA photophobia and or phonophobia
migraine
118
HA most common cause of HA
tension
119
HA lacrimation and or rhinorrhea
cluster
120
HA elevated ESR
temporal arteritis
121
HA worse headache of my life
SAH
122
HA scintillating scotomas prior to HA
migraine
123
HA responsive to 100% oxygen supplementation
cluster
124
tx of dig tox
dig immune FAB
125
tx of warfarin tox
vit K, FFP
126
tx of heparin tox
protamine sulfate
127
tx of tPA tox
aminocaproic acid
128
tx of anticholinergic tox
physostigmine
129
tx of organophosphates tox
atropine, pralidoxime
130
tx of carbon monoxide
100% oxygen
131
tx of lead poisoning
EDTA, succimer, dimercaprol
132
tx of mercury poisoning
dimercaprol, penicillamine
133
tx of copper poisoning
penicillamine
134
tx of iron poisoning
defuroxamine, deferasirox, deferiprone
