Part IV Flashcards
(23 cards)
Fertility window in most women is days _______ following the start of menses.
8-19
(day 8 is 8 days after the first menstruation day)
Explain the Basal body temperature contraceptive method.
Basal body temperature method - if temperature is taken first thing in the morning (before eating drinking, getting out of bed, etc.), there is a temperature rise 1-2 days after ovulation
*Good way to track ovulation
Explain the Basal body temperature contraceptive
true or false - breastfeeding mothers are immune from conceiving; explain
FALSE - it does lessen the chance of ovulation and conceiving, but breastfeeding mothers can still get pregnant!
If a sexually active pt is on antibiotics, what should be taught to them?
Use a barrier method of contraception up to two weeks after the end of antibiotic therapy.
What is the only recommended type lubricant to use with condoms?
Teach pts to only ever use a water-based lubricant (the oil-based lubricants can break down or dissolve the latex in condoms)
Following intercourse, the sponge, cap, or diaphragm must remain in place for ____ hours to continue to kill the sperm.
6
(Diaphragm and sponge should stay in no longer than 24 hours; cervical cap no longer than 48 hours)
*Highly recommended that a spermicide be used with these barrier methods (spermicides do not protect against HIV, chlamydia or gonorrhea)
Name some IUD facts.
IUD (hormonal or copper)- left in place for 3-10 years (for those who have a difficult time remember to take birth control)
*Once IUDs are removed, there can be a 6-12 month delay in fertility following removal.
How do Combination estrogen-progestin birth control pills affect breast milk production?
Combo pills can greatly affect production of breast milk in a women who is breastfeeding
How do Progestin-Only pills affect breast milk production?
Progestin-Only pills do NOT interfere with breast milk production (best option for breast-feeding mom and safer for women with clot history)
these have a higher risk of clots and should not be used on a woman over 200 pounds.
Contraceptive Skin patches
What is the difference between diagnostic tests and screening tests?
Screening tests can offer more information to a family so they can decide if they would like to pursue diagnostic testing; screening tests can give lots of reliable, less invasive information
Diagnostic tests diagnose the abnormality; normally more invasive.
Ultrasound is used for both diagnosis and screening during pregnancy. When is vaginal ultrasound used?
Vaginal ultrasound used less than 10 weeks along because baby is too small to use abdominal.
What is ultrasound used for?
- Confirmation of pregnancy
- Cervical assessment (healthy cervix during pregnancy needs to be long, thick, and closed… until birth)
- Assess viability/fetal number/date the pregnancy/placenta/fluid volume. (Much fluid volume comes from the baby’s urine - low fluid volume could indicate kidney issues in baby
- Assistance with procedures
- Assess problems/investigate complaints (pain, bleeding, poor fetal movement, etc.)
- Fetal presentation (how baby is positioned in the body from the mom’s pelvis; we want the presented part to be a head)
- Anatomic survey (18-20 weeks)/screen for anomalies - Used for both Diagnosis and Screening!!
What is fetal presentation? What do we want this to look like?
Fetal presentation- how baby is positioned in the body from the mom’s pelvis
*we want the presented part to be the baby’s head
What is Nuchal Translucency Screening used for? Is it a diagnostic test?
- used during 11-14 weeks’ gestation.
- used to assess for higher subcutaneous accumulation of fluid behind the fetal neck (more collagen and elastic connective tissue).
- The bigger the fold behind the neck (fluid buildup), the bigger the chance of some syndromes.
(ex: higher nuchal translucency associated with trisomy 21 or Down syndrome)
NOT Diagnostic!!
What is Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) used for? Is it a diagnostic test?
*If there is abnormally HIGH amounts of AFP (have to know how pregnant mom is) there is a higher chance of neural tube defects (more alpha-fetoprotein leaking out of the baby’s “open back”)
*If there is an abnormally LOW amount of AFP, there is a higher chance the baby has downs syndrome
- NOT Diagnostic!!
If there are High levels AFP, there is a Higher chance of _______________ and other problems.
neural tube defects
If there are low levels AFP, there is a Higher chance of _______________ and other problems.
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
What are Marker Screening Tests used for?
- Maternal blood is drawn so noninvasive
-NOT Diagnostic! - Most screenings are performed 15-22 weeks’ (ideally 16-18 weeks’)
*Best for women above 35 to detect down syndrome risk
What is Cell-free DNA Testing used for?
- Noninvasive maternal serum blood test that Extracts fetal DNA from mother’s blood.
- 98% detection rate for trisomy 21 (downs syndrome).
- Performed at 9-10 weeks’ gestation.
- Can determine fetal sex
- Can detect Rh+ fetus in an Rh- mother.***
*Still considered NOT Diagnostic but largely accurate!!
What does the Non-stress Test determine?
Determines how well the baby is getting oxygen in utero (reactive or nonreactive)
*It is an assessment of fetal heart rate (oxygenation) with fetal movement; test looks at what the baby heart does during activity. A heart monitor belt is put on mother, and mother pushes button when she feels movement.
What are the requirements for a reactive Non-stress Test done after 28 weeks?
After 28 weeks - Fetal HR (FHR) should increase 15 beats per minute for at least 15 seconds (minimum) at least 2x in 20 minutes
*If not, monitor this for another 20 minutes before claiming nonreactive
What are the requirements for a reactive Non-stress Test done prior to 32 weeks gestation?
Prior to 32 weeks’ gestation, 10 beats X 10 seconds is considered reactive if occurs at least 2x in 20 minutes.
*If no accelerations, then continue test another 20 minutes before considered non-reactive.(If still non-reactive, then do biophysical profile or vibroacoustic stimulation)
