Part V Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the difference between Post date and post term?
- post date is past due date
- post term is past 42 weeks
What 5 things are monitored for in a biophysical profile?
*Fetal Breathing Movements
*Gross Body Movements
*Fetal Tone
*Reactive Non-Stress Test
*Amniotic Fluid Volume
What is the minimum normal Fetal Breathing Movement expected on a biophysical profile?
normal is at least one episode of 30s within 30 min
What is the minimum normal Gross Body Movement expected on a biophysical profile?
normal is at least 3 discrete body/limb movements in 30 min
What is the minimum normal Fetal Tone expected on a biophysical profile?
normal is at least one extension/return to flexion of extremity (or opening/closing of hand)
What is the minimum normal Reactive Non-stress test expected on a biophysical profile?
normal is at least two 15x15 accelerations in 20-40 min
What is the minimum normal Amniotic Fluid Volume expected on a biophysical profile?
normal is at least one 2cm pocket; AFI (amniotic fluid index) added together needs to be greater than 5.
What is a Modified Biophysical Profile?
(cheaper and quicker result):
- Only Non-Stress Test (NST) and Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) are considered.
*Normal If: Reactive Non-Stress Test; Amniotic Fluid Index of > 5 cm
true or false - Non-stress tests are not diagnostic
true
What is an amniocentesis? Is this a diagnostic test?
Amniocentesis - DIAGNOSTIC test!
*Removal of 20 mL amniotic fluid with a 5” needle for testing; Test guided with ultrasound
Why is amniocentesis used in first trimester?
First trimester - can diagnose genetic and chromosomal anomalies
- Earliest between 11-14 weeks
*Higher risk of miscarriage when done this early
Why is amniocentesis used in second trimester?
Second trimester- can diagnose Fetal genetic abnormalities; to check fetal condition if rh sensitized, diagnose intrauterine infections, and investigate elevated AFP
- Done between 15-20 weeks
Why is amniocentesis used in third trimester?
Third trimester - checks lung maturity after the 35th week; evaluation of fetal hemolytic disease from rh incompatibility
How are steroid shots given to immature lungs? Why does this work?
*steroids for immature lungs are given in 2 shots and spaced out 24 hours
*Steroids push the body into a stress state or “survival mode” which accelerates lung development.
Simply Explain What a chorionic Villus Sampling is. Is this a diagnostic test?
Chorionic Villus Sampling - DIAGNOSTIC TEST!
- Invasive through an abdominal needlestick (18 gauge) or small catheter through the cervix
- Sample of chorionic villi from the placenta obtained.
- Can evaluate for Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, fetal gender, sex-linked disorders, sickle-cell anemia, and Tay-Sachs disease.
true or false - Maternal Assessment of Fetal Movement (quickening) should be advised to any patient.
true! Advised to begin at 28 weeks’ gestation-but good idea for ANY patient.
*Fetal movement is a sign of oxygenation so every pregnant woman should monitor this!
What is the most common Maternal Assessment of Fetal Movement (Quickening)?
“Count to 10” method”: pregnant woman records how long it takes to document 10 movements. Should be < 2 hours!
Can be helpful to drink ice water before counting; try to record the same time each day. Should contact provider if baby doesn’t meet required movements.
What is the difference between Early and Late Abortion (spontaneous or induced)
Early (1st trimester) versus Late (after first trimester but before 20 weeks)
What is a threatened abortion?
Threatened-unexplained bleeding, no cervical change, closed cervix, no passage of tissue
What is an imminent abortion?
Imminent (inevitable)-bleeding increases, cervix opens/dilates, strong cramping, possible passage of tissue
what is a complete abortion?
Complete-passage of all products of conception
what is incomplete abortion?
incomplete-some products of conception are passed but some tissue remains inside the uterus. Heavy bleeding, cervical change.
What is a missed abortion?
Nonviable embryo is retained, no contractions, common to have irregular spotting (embryo is not viable, with no heartbeat… but there was no prior indication)
What is a recurrent abortion?
history of three or more consecutive, spontaneous abortions
