parts of the cell Flashcards
(18 cards)
what is the nucleus
contains genetic material (DNA) the nucleus has clear pores where large molecules can pass
what is the mitochondria
cellular respiration occurs here by breaking down food molecules for the cell to use as energy. There are 2 membranes, the inner one is folded increasing the surface area.
what are ribosomes
Are found in the cytoplasm and on rough ER. They are small spherical organelles. Amino acids are joined together at ribosomes to create proteins.
types of fluid in/around the cell.
intracellular: fluid inside the cell.
intercellular: fluid between cells.
extracellular: all fluid outside cells including vessels.
what is the nucleolus
suspended in the jelly-like nucleoplasm. It is mostly composed of genetic material, RNA.
what are lysosomes
they contain enzymes that breakdown proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and some carbohydrates. they are small spheres (bigger than ribosomes) SOS
what are centrioles
a pair of cylindrical structures usually near the nucleus; involved in reproduction of the cell CENT=SEX
what are the golgi body/apparatus
flattened membraneous bags stacked on top of each other.
they modify proteins, packaging them into vesicles, these vesicles pinch off the edges of the membrane for secretion of the cell.
what is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
pairs of parallel membranes extending through the cytoplasm, connecting the cell membrane to the nuclear membrane (supporting the cell).
it provides surface area for chemical reactions to occur. The channels between the membranes are used for storage and/or transport of materials.
what are vesicles
a membrane bound sac that transports materials in and out of the cell.
what is the cytoskeleton
consists of microfilaments that give the cell its shape and assist movement of materials.
what is the cell membrane
the outer boundary that separates its contents from other cells and extracellular fluid. It also determines what enters and exits the cell.
what is the cytoplasm
thick fluid within the cell membrane that all structures of the cell are suspended in. it is made up of cytosol and water.
what are organelles
specialised structures suspended in the cytoplasm
e.g. ribosomes
what are inclusions
substances that are found in the cell but aren’t apart of the cell structure (found in the cytoplasm)
Haemoglobin in RBC
why are cells so small
to obtain all its nutrients and pass all its wastes across the cell membrane
for a cell to do this effectively it must have a suitable surface area to volume ratio
what is surface area of a cell
what is volume of a cell
The surface area is required for substances to cross the cell membrane
the volume determines the amount of chemical activity that can take place inside the cell.
what happens when the volume of a cell is too big compared to its surface area
a cell is unable to receive materials/remove wastes as quickly and efficiently as required
