passive & active transport, endo/exocytosis Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is passive transport?
The movement of substances from high to low concentration without energy.
What are two examples of passive transport?
Diffusion and osmosis.
What is active transport?
The movement of substances from low to high concentration using energy (ATP).
Why is active transport important?
It helps cells reabsorb nutrients and remove toxic wastes.
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration.
What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?
Water enters the cell and it may burst (lysis).
What happens to a plant cell in a hypotonic solution?
The cell becomes turgid but doesn’t burst due to its cell wall.
What does isotonic mean for a cell?
Equal water concentration inside and out; no net water movement.
What is a hypertonic solution and its effect?
Less water outside the cell; water leaves and the cell shrinks.
What is endocytosis?
The process of a cell engulfing substances to bring them in.
What are the two types of endocytosis?
Pinocytosis (liquids/small particles) and phagocytosis (large particles).
What is exocytosis?
The process of pushing substances out of the cell via vesicles.
Does the cell membrane get smaller because of endocytosis?
No, because exocytosis adds membrane back to balance it out.
