Past q 2

Question 1

Na concentration?

Answer 1

140-150 mmol/L

Question 2

What is true?

Answer 2

Genetic diseases are always congenital

Question 3

What is osteomalacia?

Answer 3

Softening of bones, typically due to a deficiency of vitamin D or calcium

Question 4

What is wrong about starvation?

Answer 4

Is not a storage disorder

Question 5

Low iron in piglets is caused by:

Answer 5

Poor iron stores

Question 6

What is true?

Answer 6

Vomiting cause alkalosis

Question 7

Increased acid

Answer 7

Causes increased anion gap

Question 8

Liver enzymes increase in:

Answer 8

Liver malfunction

Question 9

Which is correct?

Answer 9

Congenital defect in growth hormone leads to dwarfism

Question 10

Renal osteopathy:

Answer 10

Mineral mobilization from bones

Question 11

Apoptosis in embryo:

Answer 11

Forms cavities and fingers

Question 12

What is not correct?

Answer 12

Vitamin E and Se cause encephalomalatica

Question 13

Incorrect statement about free radicals:

Answer 13

Saturated fats are more susceptible

Question 14

Sub-ileus:

Answer 14

Lumen is partially occluded or blocked

Question 15

Paralytic ileus:

Answer 15

Blockage of intestine due to paralysis of the intestine

Question 16

Leukotriene’s:

Answer 16

Eicosanoid inflammatory mediators produced in leukocytes. Regulate the immune responses is to trigger contractions in the smooth muscles lining the bronchioles; their overproduction is a major cause of inflammation in asthma and allergic rhinitis

Question 17

Blood brain barrier:

Answer 17

Slow diffusion - glucose, VFA, amino acids, antibiotics
Fast diffusion - CO2, O2, drugs, anesthetics narcotics, non-polar + small molecules like urea
No diffusion - HCO3-, albumin, ammonia

Question 18

B12 deficiency:

Answer 18

Macrocytic. NORMO-chromic

Question 19

What is allodynia?

Answer 19

Allodynia is a clinical feature of many painful conditions. Such as neuropathies, complex regional pain syndrome, post-herpetic neuralgia, fibromyalgia, and migraine. Allodynia may also be caused by some populations of stem cells used to treat nerve damage including spinal
cord injury

Question 20

Impulse formative disorder

Answer 20

Tetany, convulsion

Question 21

Lactobacilli, when do they overgrow?

Answer 21

In case of cytolytic vaginosis. Leads to acidity and irritation

Question 22

In case of frothy bloat. What helps the animal?

Answer 22

Antifoaming agent

Question 23

Fatty liver. Disturbances in gluconeogenesis and..?

Answer 23

Decreased transport of lipoprotein production (e.g. VLDL)

Question 24

LMN

Answer 24

Also called lower motor neuron. For voluntary movement of eyes, tongue, face “ vocalization, swallowing and chewing

Question 25

What is atrophy?

Answer 25

Decreased size of the muscle, partial or complete wasting away a part of the body

Question 26

What is hypotonia?

Answer 26

Decreased tone of the muscle, “floppy baby syndrome”

Question 27

Vitamin E is an?

Answer 27

Antioxidant: against free radical, prevent LDL formation, anticoagulant and prevent oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid

Question 28

Ions in the extra-cellular space:

Answer 28

Cations: Na+ and Ca2+ // Anions: Cl- and HCO3

Question 29

Cats regarding bilirubin. What is special about it?

Answer 29

Cats tend more to have Bilirubinuria

Question 30

What is a not a “production disorder”?

Answer 30

Starvation

Question 31

What stimulate gastric acid production?

Answer 31

Gastrin, Acetylcholine and Histamine (and ghrelin)

Question 32

What is vitium?

Answer 32

A fault, defect or vice.

Question 33

What is apoptosis?

Answer 33

The death of cells, which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development

Question 34

Diabetes insipidus. Does ADH decrease or increase?

Answer 34

ADH decrease

Question 35

Lipids in cell membrane?

Answer 35

Phospholipids, Sphingomyelin and Glycolipids

Question 36

Where is vitamin E an anti-oxidant?

Answer 36

Inside the cell membrane

Question 37

Thrombocytopenia is the most common hematological disorder?

Answer 37

Quantitative disorder

Question 38

Clinical sign of hematological disorder?

Answer 38

Patechia, ecchymosis, hematoma, hemothorax, hemoperitoneum and hemopericardium

Question 39

How do you measure APTT?

Answer 39

Intrinsic pathway: silicon dioxide as activator

Question 40

Extrinsic and intrinsic pathway?

Answer 40

Intrinsic: APTT // Extrinsic: PT // Common: TT, everything increase

Question 41

When is UBG found in urine?

Answer 41

Pre hepatic and hepatic icterus

Question 42

Which disease doesn’t occur in this state?

Answer 42

White muscle disease

Question 43

Portosystemic shunt, when does it occur?

Answer 43

Intrahepatic - often in large breed dogs

Question 44

Heart stops in systole or diastole in some compulsory state.

Answer 44

Diastole

Question 45

Shock enzyme of the liver?

Answer 45

AST and ALT increase

Question 46

Gastric mucosal barriers

Answer 46

Epithelial cells, mucous secretion and layer of bicarbonate ions

Question 47

What is true about free radicals?

Answer 47

It is a highly reactive and unstable molecule; they will stabilize by stealing/receiving an electron from a nearby molecule

Question 48

Von Willebrand's disease; what is true?

Answer 48

Congenital, factor 8

Question 49

Uricosis/gout which one is correct

Answer 49

Uric acid precipitates around blood vessels and joints

Question 50

Frothy bloat of a cow is developed

Answer 50

It is caused when feed is concentrates (high in protein and lipids Always acute, life threatening condition

Question 51

Hoflund ́s syndrome

Answer 51

Clinical sign: bloat // Cause: foreign body in the reticulum causing reticulo-peritonitis

Question 52

Dalmatian and gout, what is false?

Answer 52

Allantoin cannot turn to uric acids

Question 53

Frothy bloat on the cow and the ions involved

Answer 53

Calcium and Phosphate increase