Path Pre MT Flashcards
1
Q
location of cysts in acquired cystic kidney dz
A
cortical and medullary
2
Q
acquired cystic kidney dz ass’d with
A
prolonged dialysis
3
Q
major complication of acquired cystic kidney dz
A
renal cell carcinoma from walls of cyst
4
Q
MC form of ADPKD
A
PKD1
5
Q
PKD1 gene location
A
ch 16
6
Q
PKD2 gene location
A
ch 14
7
Q
MC site of extra-renal cysts in ADPKD
A
liver
8
Q
MC ass’d symptom w/ ARPKD
A
congenital hepatic fibrosis
9
Q
common location/size of simple renal cysts
A
small and cortical
10
Q
inheritence pattern of familial juvenile nephronopthisis
A
AR
11
Q
location of cysts in familial juvenile nephronopthisis
A
corticomedullary
12
Q
treatment of APG/post-strep GNP
A
fluid/electrolyte therapy
13
Q
IF findings of APG/post-strep GNP
A
granular IgM, IgG, and C3 deposits
14
Q
type I RPGN
A
anti-GMB antibodies (Goodpastures)
15
Q
type II RPGN
A
immune complex mediated (post inf, SLE)
16
Q
type III RPGN
A
pauci immune, ANCA p and c + (wegners)
17
Q
location of crescents in RPGN
A
bowman’s space
18
Q
clinical course of RPGN
A
hematuria, RBC casts, proteinuria approaching nephrotic ranges
19
Q
tx of RPGN type II
A
plasmaphoresis
20
Q
location of IgA depostis in IgA nephropathy
A
mesangium
21
Q
IgA nephropathy can occur after what?
A
URI
22
Q
site of deposits in membranoproliferative GNP
A
subendothelial
23
Q
composition of deposits in membranoproliferative GNP
A
IgG, IgM, and C3
24
Q
common finding on LM in membranoproliferative GNP
A
“tram-track” splitting of GBM - Ag stain is good for visualization
25
MCC of nephrotic syndrome in adults
membranous golmerulopathy
26
location of deposits is membranous glomerulopathy
subepithelial
27
common appearance of BM in membranous gomlerulopathy
"spike & dome"
28
membranous glomerulopathy response to corticosteriods
none
29
MCC of nephrotic syndrome in children
MCD
30
MCD response to cortiosteroids
very responsive
31
EM findings in MCD
effaced foot processes, vacuoles, and "fused" podocytes
32
collapsing glomerulosclerosis
FSGS resulting in complete golmerular collapse found in HIV pts
33
IF findings in FSGS
IgM and C3 in sclerotic areas
34
EM findings in FSGS
podocyte effacement
35
LM findings in FSGS
partial eosinophilia and sclerosis
36
Alport's inheritance pattern
x-linked
37
EM finding of Alport's
alternating thickening and thinning of GBM, lamination of lamina densa
38
ALPORT mnemonic
```
A - alports
L P - record, listening = deafness
O - occular involvement
R - renal failure
T - thickening of BM and Type IV collagen
```
39
other name for thin basement membrane disease
benign familial hematuria
40
characteristic of chronic GNP
extensive hyalinization & fibrosis of gloms
41
endpoint of all nephrotic and nephritic syndromes
chronic GNP
42
common concomitant finding with chronic GNP
HTN - can find arterial sclerosis
43
Kimmelsteil-Wilson disease
nodular glomerular sclerosis that occurs in diabethic nephropathy
44
most common form of acute renal failure
ATN
45
morphologic findings in ischemic ATN
focal tubular epithelial cell necrosis and BM eruption
46
morphologic findings in toxic ATN
nonspecific necrosis, esp at proximal tubule
47
common causes of toxic ATN
```
Rhabdomyolysis
Aminoglycosides
Chemo (cisplatinum & cyclosporine)
Contrast dye
Crystal deposition (tumor lysis syndrome & ethylene glycol)
```
48
diagnostic finding of ATN
dirty brown granular casts
49
MC pathogens of pylonephritis
E. coli > proteus, klebsiella
50
morphologic findings in chronic pyelonephritis
corticomedullary scaring overlying dilated. blunted, or deformed calyx
51
hallmark of acute pyelonephritis
patchy interstitial supparative inflammation, WBC casts, tubular necrosis
52
clinical findings of allergic nephritis
fever, rash, eosinophilia, and acute renal failure
53
morphologic finidings of analgesic nephropathy
medullary interstitial fibrosis and inflammation with papillary necrosis
54
analgesic nephropathy pts are at an increased risk of developing what?
transitional cell carcinoma
55
benign nephrosclerosis findings
hyalin depositions in renal arterioles and small arteries, normal/small kidneys with leathery appearance
56
morphology of malignany HTN
fibrinoid necrosis of kidneys with onion skinning of arterioles
57
clinical findings in malignant HTN
diastolic BP >130 mmHg, renal failure, papilledema, retniopathy, proteinuria, possible hematuria
58
pentad of TTP s/s
F, neuro symptoms, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombosis
59
s/s ass'd w/ HUS
F, micmicroangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, renal failure
60
genetic ass't w/ idiopathic TTP
ADAMTS13 mutation
61
MCC of childhood HUS
e. coli O157:H7, ingestion of shigga-like toxin
62
presentation of childhood HUS
flu-like prodrome, hematemesis, melena, and hematuria
63
ass'd states with adult HUS
infection, SLE, vascular renal diseases, normal pregnancy
64
MCC of Acute bacterial prostatitis
E. coli ( > staph, enterococcus)
65
area of prostate that BPH begins
transitional and periurethral
66
area where prostatic carcinoma occurs
peripheral zone
67
precursor for malignancy in prostate
PIN
68
familial predisposition for prostatic carcinoma
PI3K/AKT
69
molecular markers for prostate malignancy monitoring
PSA (not indicative of cancer), PCA3
70
MC acquired genetic lesions ass'd with prostatc adenocadinoma
TRPSS2-ETS
71
increased risk of prostatic adenocarcinoma in AA ass'd with
decreased CAG repeats (asians have the most)
72
histo of adenocarcinoma shows
- prominent nucleoli
- blue mucin
- perinural invasion
73
clinical s/s of b/l partial UTO
- hypostenuria
- polyuria
- nocturia
74
clinical s/s of b/l complete UTO
-anuria/oliguria
75
cause of struvite stones
urea-splitting bacteria - proteus
76
MCC of renal stone
calcium oxalate
77
staghorn calculi
strivite stones (MgPO)
78
ass't with uric acid stones
leukemia, gout
79
renal fibroma description
- b9
- tiny, gray-white firm nodules w/in pyramids
- ass'd with Tuberous sclerosis - called angiomyolipoma
80
renal papillary adenoma description
b9, small, pale, yellow-gray, well circumscribed nodules w/in cortex
81
renal oncocytoma
- b9
- large eosinophilic cells
- ++mitochondira
- yellow/brown and well circumscribed w/ central stellate scar
82
clear cell carcinoma mutation & gene location
VHL gene, ch 3
83
clear cell carcinoma origin
proximal tubular epi
84
3 major types of renal cell carcinoma
- clear cell
- papillary
- chromophobe
85
papillary renal cell carcinoma ass't
dialysis ass'd cystic disease
86
chromophobe renal cell carcinoma morphology
- eosinophilic cytoplasm
- perinuclear halo
- localized to vasculature
87
chromophobe renal cell carcinoma origin
interstitial cells
88
classic triad of renal cell ca s/s
- hematuria
- flank pain
- palpable mass
89
paraneoplastic symptoms as'd with renal cell ca
- polycythemia
- hyperCa2+
- HTN
- cushings
- feminization
90
Wilm's tumor presentation
-kiddo (MC
91
common site of addn't cysts in ADPKD
liver
92
common causes of death n ADPKD
- coronary or HTN heart dz
- ruptured aneurysm
- HTN IC hemorrhage
93
MC form of ARPKD
perinatal
94
MC findings in perinatal ARPKD
- cystic collecting duct/portal fibrosis
| - hypoplastic lungs
95
PKD1 gene location
ch 6
96
PKD2 gene location
ch 4
97
location of cysts in medullary sponge kidney
collecting ducts of the medulla
98
inheritance of nonfamilial/sporadic medullary cystic dz
AD
99
nheritance of familial/juvenile medullary cystic dz
AR
100
medullary cystic kidney disease gene location
ch 16
101
MC ass't with multicystic renal dysplasia
- uretopelvic obstuction
| - possible absent ureter
102
most serious ass't with acquired cystic kidney dz
renal cell carcinoma
103
cells that give rise to renal oncocytoma
type A intercalated cells of renal collecting ducts
104
retinal-renal dysplasia is a form of
medullary cystic kidney disease
105
carcinoma ass'd with Hb-SS
renal medullary
106
v uncommon symptom in most solid mass ca BUT occurs in renal cell ca
fever!
107
MC mets of renal cell ca
lungs > bone, liver, adrenals, brain
108
weird elaboration of renal cell ca not seen in many other neoplasms
lipids (therefore can do oil red O stain)
109
ass't with urothelial carcinomas of the renal pelvis
Lyndh syndrome and analgesic nephropathy
110
MC tumors that met TO the kidney & morphology
lung, melanomas, breast, GI, pancreas; they are multifocal & b/l
