patho exam 2

Question 1

most serious skin lesions of all cancers

Answer 1

malignant melanoma

Question 2

atopic dermatitis lab value elevated is

Answer 2

Ig E

Question 3

This disease is caused by a strain of staph aureus (bacteria)

Answer 3

Bullous impetigo

Question 4

this infection is caused by fungus

Answer 4

tinea infections- tinea capitis- a child can get on their mouth if dog licks them

Question 5

tinea cOrporis is spread how

Answer 5

contact- think of boys who wrestle (ring worm)

Question 6

white shallow ulcers in the mouth is what

Answer 6

Candida Albicans

Question 7

C. albicans develops how

Answer 7

can develop from oral steroids such as inhalers- not cleaning mouth after

Question 8

Varicella-zoster virus is known as

Answer 8

herpes virus

Question 9

this is caused by the variola virus

Answer 9

smallpox virus

Question 10

this is identified by itchy red little lines between fingers and is due to unsanitary living conditions

Answer 10

sarcoptes scabies

Question 11

GERD is caused by

Answer 11

loss of muscle tone in the lower esophageal sphincter -reflux of acid from the stomach to the esophagus

Question 12

large bowel obstruction s/s

Answer 12

abdominal distention, pain in hypogastric area- can have diarrhea and be very thirsty

Question 13

chronic gastritis classification

Answer 13

Chronic fundal gastritis (type A, immune)
Chronic antral gastritis (type B, nonimmune)

Question 14

stress ulcer primary manifestation is

Answer 14

bleeding!

Question 15

hepatic encephalopathy is

Answer 15

a chronic condition where the liver cannot properly clear ammonia- pt can be jaundice in sclera

Question 16

what do you give for high ammonia level in hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 16

lactulose takes ammonia out of the liver and its passed through the stool -

Question 17

Extrahepatic obstructive jaundice

Answer 17

a condition that occurs when bile flow is obstructed from the right and left hepatic ducts to the duodenum- commonly caused by gallstones

Question 18

hirschsprung disease

Answer 18

pediatric disease - many things need to be ruled out- s/s pain inability to move stool- Also referred to as congenital aganglionic megacolon
Functional obstruction of the colon

Question 19

how to prevent Hirschsprung from becoming toxic megacolon

Answer 19

treating the cause which is absence of intrinsic ganglion cells impaired peristalsis

Question 20

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)

Answer 20

pediatric- usually in premature children - pt may have diarrhea make sure to replenish fluid and electrolytes in children

Question 21

what is ptyalin

Answer 21

a salivary amylase released in the mouth

Question 22

what does ptyalin initiate

Answer 22

the digestion of carbs

Question 23

what is the byproducts of gastric glands secreted by the parietal glands

Answer 23

hydrochloric acid

Question 24

what is the phase of digestion that will trigger gastric secretion- thinking ab food

Answer 24

cephalic phase of digestion

Question 25

what does the illeocecal valve do

Answer 25

prevents the reflux of food from the (colon) large intestine back into the small intestine

Question 26

illeogastric reflex inhibits

Answer 26

gastric motility when the ileum becomes over distended

Question 27

the blood supply to the large intestine is done through what arteries

Answer 27

superior and inferior mezataric arteries

Question 28

what do the acinar cells of the pancreas secrete

Answer 28

they secrete enzymes

Question 29

when the sphincter of oddi relaxes it allows for bile to flow from

Answer 29

it allows for bile to flow from common bile duct into the duodenum

Question 30

vagus nerve is stimulated to allow digestion to happen when

Answer 30

Cephalic and gastric phases of digestion

Question 31

when the billirubin moves from the liver then into the plasma then into heptocytes in the liver- it is converted in hepatocytes to

Answer 31

conjugated billirubin

Question 32

the hormone of pregnancy

Answer 32

progesterone

Question 33

what spikes during the menstrual cycle

Answer 33

inhibin b spikes and triggers ovulation

Question 34

where are the glands of montgomery located

Answer 34

breasts

Question 35

Difference between male and female sex hormone production

Answer 35

in males the sex hormone is regular, in females there’s ups and downs

Question 36

Normal characteristic of aging in the male and female reproductive system

Answer 36

males- refractory time after ejaculation Is prolonged

Question 37

characterisitc of declining ovarian function w older woman

Answer 37

atrophy of the uterus

Question 38

PCOS testing check for

Answer 38

check for hyperinsulemia when pcos is involved

Question 39

Treatment for pelvic organ prolapse

Answer 39

pessary – soft white ring- obgyn wil push ring in to base of cervix and it expands to keep uterus in place- noninvasive way to keep uterus in place

Question 40

Endometriosis treatment

Answer 40

suppressing ovulation helps treat endometriosis

Question 41

cancer associated with HPV

Answer 41

cervical cancer

Question 42

Endometrial Cancer

Answer 42

most common cancer in the female reproductive tract

Question 43

Ovarian cancer stage 1

Answer 43

a woman who has history of ovarian cancer, abdominal pain, ct shows lesions ONLY on the ovaries

Question 44

Manifestations of Breast Cancer

Answer 44

PAINLESS LUMP on outer quadrent

Question 45

delayed puberty can be caused by

Answer 45

slow maturation

Question 46

BPH and age

Answer 46

inc age=more likely to get BPH

Question 47

Common complaint of BPH

Answer 47

Dec urinary stream

Question 48

inflammation of the testes

Answer 48

orchitis

Question 49

orchitis is caused by

Answer 49

mumps

Question 50

inflammation of the glans of the penis

Answer 50

balanitis -Usually associated with prepuce inflammation (posthitis)

Question 51

Acute bacterial prostatitis

Answer 51

not to be conf w UTI- abd pain fever pain on suprapubic region- check labs

Question 52

phimosis

Answer 52

Inability to retract foreskin from the glans of the penis Frequently caused by poor hygiene or chronic infections- may need circumcision

Question 53

hirschsprung disease is characterized by

Answer 53

absence of parasympathetic nervous system intrinsic ganglion cells

Question 54

Treponema pallidum is caused by

Answer 54

syphillis

Question 55

Most common fungal infection of childhood

Answer 55

tinea capitis - scalp wringworm- from people or animals