patho final Flashcards by Athena Paitakis

when would you use Dextromethorphan

Cough suppressant medication. Helps with reducing cough- not mucus

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what drug is an example of a dextromethorphan

robitussin

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what drug is an example of a guaifenesin

mucinex

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When would you use Guaifenesin

expectorant medication (ex: Mucinex)
Use guaifenesin on a wet, productive cough with a lot of mucus. It helps with loosening and thinning music in the airway- NOT for smokers cough

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Common side effects of inhaled glucocorticoids

General catabolic effects (muscle wasting and osteoporosis), oral thrush
Watch maximum daily dosing limits

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What does a culture and sensitivity test do (antibiotics)

Identifies what bacteria/fungi are present & which antibiotic or antifungal they are sensitive to

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important AE when prescribing antibiotics

Hypersensitivity: allergic reactions
UV sensitivity

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what is used as a rescue for inhaler

SABA- Albuterol

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Which patient groups should levofloxacin be prescribed to

Inhalation anthrax
If a quinolone is necessary for pediatrics levofloxacin/cipro are the only ones used

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Penicillin G vs Penicillin V which one is oral? What is penicillin G used for

Penicillin G- iv/im - syphilis
Penicillin V- oral

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What instructions should you give a patient that you prescribed a zpak to

500mg day 1; 250mg days 2-5

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Know the adverse effects of ciprofloxacin

Tendonitis & tendon rupture
Exacerbation of muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis
Peripheral neuropathy
Photosensitivity/toxicity
Risk for developing C. Diff
N/V/D, ab pain
Vaginal & oral candida infections
Neuro (elderly): confusion, psychosis, somnolence, visual disturbances
Watch for coag issues w/ warfarin

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Be able to identify tuberculosis medications

INH, Rifampin and aminoglycoside antibiotics- ethambutol and pyrazinamide

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Hep C medications

Pegylated interferon alfa combined with ribavirin

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What cautions are there with isoniazid /how do we treat those cautions

Contraindicated in hepatic disease- monitor patients for hepatitis and liver enzymes during first 8 weeks of treatment
Peripheral neuropathy

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monitoring parameters for HIV patients

CD4 T-cell counts: Primary indicator of how much immunocompetence remains
Plasma HIV RNA (viral load) assays: ongoing treatment of HIV infection is guided primarily by monitoring viral load, which is determined by measuring HIV RNA in plasma

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Know the side effects of Tuberculosis meds isonizad:

contraindicated in hepatic diseases, monitor hepatitis and liver enzymes. Monitor for peripheral neuropathy.

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Rifampin side effects

used with INH, causes red-orange discoloration, and causes hepatotoxicity

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ethambutol side effects

Monitor for optic neuritis. It decreases visual acuity and ability to differentiate red from green.

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Pyrazinamide AE

Monitor for hepatotoxicity. Monitor LFT. inhibits urate excretion – causes hyperuricemia – gout.

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Amphortericin B
side effects

Antifungal medication- Highly toxic. Test dose is recommended.
Infusion reactions and renal damage occur. Only given IV, Overdose can cause cardiac arrest

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AE amphoterecin

Infusion reactions, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, fever, chills, n/v, renal damage, anemia, overdose can cause cardiac arrest

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Is there pretreatment for amp B?

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Diphenhydramine and acetaminophen

What is a challenge in treating nail fungus onychomycosis

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Treating nail fungus is a difficult infection to treat and takes a long period of adherence – oral therapies can cause liver damage over time

How is valacyclovir taken think food

taken with or without food

Which antifungal is used as prophylaxis in immunosuppressed patients

Posaconazole

How to initially treat cholesterol in Protease inhibitor patients

1st step is diet modification & exercise → then statin if these don't work

When to use acyclovir?

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella-zoster virus

how do you treat gonorrhea

Ceftriaxone

Long acting insulin and peak time

Glargine (Lantus) peak 3 to 24 hours – duration 6 to 24 hours)- dosed once at bedtime

Short/rapid acting insulin

Peak 0.5-1.5 hours, duration <5 hours) aspart, glulisine, lispro - take before meals

Hypothyroidism s/s

pale, cold, dry skin, low hr and temp, intolerance to cold

hyperthyroidism

rapid hr, weight loss, irritable , heat intolerance

Know about any washout period with antidepressants

MAOIs - 2 weeks

MAOI food restrictions

Restriction due to risk of HTN (tyramine - fermented foods, cheese, processed meats, beer, wine, chocolate)

issues that may occur with long term lithium therapy

Monitor for lithium toxicity Mild: metallic taste, fine tremors, nausea, and weakness Moderate: n/v, increased tremors, dizziness, and blurry vision Severe: confusion/hallucinations, nystagmus, dysarthria

What is the first line for panic attacks?

SSRI because it needs an extended time of control and has a low addiction potential

First line med for anxiety that helps w concentration

Buspirone (Burpar)-

Monitoring parameters for ADHD meds in children

Blood pressure Weight and height- esp before therapy Tics or seizure disorders: monitor closely Use & abuse

Who should take vitamin A who should not take Vitamin A

Therapeutic uses Acute myeloid leukemia Acne: found in topical & oral medications Measles Teratogenicity if used in pregnant patients (e.g., isotretinoin used in acne treatment)

Which vitamin may help with cholesterol

Vitamin D

What supplement helps with iron absorption

VITAMIN C

Know the clinical presentation of scurvy

Scurvy is caused by low vitamin C levels Clinical presentation Gingivitis with bleeding and loose teeth Delayed wound healing Petechiae and ecchymoses Iron deficiency anemia

Dangers of Kava Kava

Causes sedative effects used to treat depression, anxiety, psychosis and seizures Side effects Liver damage* monitor enzymes Blood disorders (decreased platelets, lymphocytes) GI distress

St. Johns wort AE

Helps with depression and anxiety Side effects CNS (dizziness and insomnia) Skin: rashes and photosensitivity Causes drug interactions CYP 450 inducer**

Penicillin allergy cross sensitivity meds

Beta-lactams/Cephalosporins

what is penicillin g used for?

Syphillis

Who not to use decongestants in

Oral decongestants should not be used in cardiac/BP issues. pts on sudafed should be changed to flonase/claritin

Principles of writing eye drop scripts

Usually 20 drops per mL - watch prescribing quantity esp for long-term use

Mechanism of action of levodopa

Levodopa converts to dopamine in the brain

MOA of carbidopa

it is a decarboxylase inhibitor- it works by preventing levodopa from being broken down before it reaches the brain.

Metformin uses

PCOS and diabetes

Cipro drug interactions

Antacids, calcium supplements, milk & dairy products, iron salts, zinc salts, sucralfate warfarin

1st gen antipsychotics monitor for

tardive dyskinesia

Phenytoin- pt should be sure to

brush/floss daily

If pt has a past penicillin allergy request a

skin test

patho final Flashcards

(56 cards)