Patholgy Sema Flashcards by Marjan Sabzwari

What is the most referent microrganamsims in vaginitis

Candida albicans
Trichomanas vaginalis

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Which hPV VARIANTS ARE NOT INCLUDED IN HIGH RISK HPV

HPV type 6 and 11

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What are the two types of SQUAMOUS INTREPITHELIAL LESION SIL

Low grade sil
High grade sil

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What are the hPV types with high risk

16 and 18
ÇİN 2-3

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LSIL IS CHRACTEIRZED BY

Dysplastic changes on the lower third of the mucosa and koilocytic change superficially

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HSIL IS CHARACTERIZED BY

Dysplasia in upper layers of the epithelium
Loilocytic chnages is usually absent

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Dysplasia that affects the entire thickness of the epithelium is called

Carcinoma in situ

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Types of cervical cancers

1- SCC
2- ADENOCARCINOMA
3- SMALL CELL CARCINOMA
4- ADENOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMA

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Most common cervical cancer

SCC

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Most common abnormal bleeding reason in post menopausal periods is

Endometrial carcinoma

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Which common proliferative lesions of the uterine corpus prdouce abnormal uterine bleeding as their earliest manifestation

1- endometrial hyperplasia
2- endometrial carcinoma
3- smooth muscle tumors

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What are common benign tumors arising from the smooth muscles cells in the myometrium

LEIOMYOMA
Affectbhaglf pf women in reproductive age
Estrogen stimulates growth
Shrink after menopausal due to estrogen levels being low

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Morphology of leiomyosarcoma

Necrosis
Cytologic atypia
Mitotic figures
Arise from the myometrial mesencymal cells

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Mahir pathological lesions of the ovary are

Nonneoplatic cysts
Ovarian tumors

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Most common non neoplatic cysts are

Follicular and luteal cysts

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The most common and important ovarian neoplasms are

Serous and mucinous Tumors
Hugh grade serous carcinoma 70-80%

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Five major groups of the ovarian cancer

1- tumors of the surface epithelium
2- germ cell tumors
3- sex cord stromal tumors
4- micellounis tumors
5-metastatic tumors

Most common ovarian tumor

Surface epithelial storm Al cell tumors
Types
1- serous tumors
2- mucinous tumors
3- endometrial tumors
4- Clear cell tumors
5- Brennen tumors
6- cystsedenofibroma

Germ cell types

Tertoma
Dysgerminoma
Endodermal sinus tumors
Choriocarcinoma

Sex cord stoma types

Fibromyalgia
Granulosa theca cell tumor
Sertoli Leydig cell tumor

The most common ovarian epithelial neoplasms are

Serous and mucinous tumors

The surface epithelial tumors are divided into 3 acordding to aggressiveness what are they

1- clearly benign- cystic spaces are smooth and are lined by a single layer of epithelial cells, serous tumors and mucinous tumors
2- clearly malignant- serosalinvasion exuberant papillary projections lines by atypical cells

Pathogens is of the serous carcinoma

Low grade serous carcinoma-RAS
UIGH grade serous carcinomas- P53
Familial cases are aitten realtedmto germline mutation -BRCA-1 and BRACA-2

Most common type of the germ cell tumors is

Nearly 95% of them are benign and in young females most commonly benign cystic teratomas(dermoid cysts)

What are the 2 important examples of the monodemal teratomas

Struma ovarii Carcinoid tumors

Malignant germ cell tumor is

Dysgerminoma

Embriyonal germ cell tumors are

1- yolk sac tumors 2-choriocarcinoma 3- tertoma

How to microscopically identify a yoke sac tumors

Structures of SCHILLER DUCAL BODY HIGH LEVEL OF AFP INTRACELULAR AND EXTRACELULAR PAS- positive hyaline globules

GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR FACTS

Secrete estrogen In older patients produce endometrial hyperplasia Responsible for precocious puberty in young girl CALL- EXNER BODIES COFFE BEAN NUCLEUS

METASTASTIC TUMORS

10% of ovarian cancers Metastasis occurs by lymphatic or hematogenous Important bilaterality of the tumor is most helpful for diagnosis clue

WHAT IS A KRUKENBERG TUMOR

Distinctive bilateral tumor metastatic to tumors

Most common disorder of the fallopian tubes is

Inflammation- SALPHINGITS

Tuberculous salpingitis

After young women in their active reproductive life Most common complaint is infertility Tubercle bacilli reach the tube by hematogenous route from the lung

What is an ectopic preganancy

Implantation of a fertilized ovum in any site other then the uterus Mostly located in the faloopian tube

Diseases of pregnancy types

1- Ascending infection through the birth canal Usually bacterial 2- hematogenous spread Tranolacental infection under the TORCH

Most common seen disease of pregnancy

GESTATIONAL TROPhoblastic DISease in which all the HCG in the urine and blood are higher then normal

Two types of the hyaditiform mole( swollen or dilation with chorionic villi are

Complete hyaditiform mole- all of the chorionic villi are abnormal Partial- result in early embryo formation and contain some chrionic villi and always triploid Fetal tissue may be present Edema Tophoblastic proliferrtion

GESTATIONAL CHRIOCARCINOMA

50% from complete hyaditiform moles Bloody brownish discharge High HCG ANOLASTIC CYTOTtropjoblasts AND SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLASTS Sensitive to chemotherapy Paternal antigens

What is PREECLAMPISIA

Edema in the third trimester of pregnancy HYPERTENSION WITH PROTEINURIA 10% of the patients developed HELLP syndrome

Which syndrome is caused with severe preeclampsia

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA ELEVATED LIVER ENZYMES LOW PLATELET COUNT