Pediatics

Question 1

What is agenesis

Answer 1

Absent kidney development

Question 2

Renal hypoplasia

Answer 2

Small dysplastic kidney with fewer than normal number of calyces and nephrons

Question 3

Renal dysgenesis

Answer 3

Maldevelopment of the kidney that affects its side and shape and structure and reduced no of nephrons

Question 4

2 Development abnormalities

Answer 4

Horseshoe and ectopic kidney

Question 5

What is ectopic kidney

Answer 5

Kidney located in other part of the body 50% are partially blocked

Question 6

Symptoms of an ectopic kidney

Answer 6

Uti
Abdominal pain
Lump in the abdomen

Question 7

Do males or females have more uTIS after birth in the first year

Answer 7

Males

Question 8

Utis below the 12 months of age are common in

Answer 8

Male

Question 9

UTIS after 1 year of age is common in

Answer 9

Females

Question 10

What is alport syndrome

Answer 10

Can’t see can’t pee can’t hear a bee
85% cases linked to boys x linked

Question 11

What is the most common hereditary auto inflammatory disease in the world

Answer 11

Fmf familial Mediterranean fever

Question 12

What are the changes in the urine

Answer 12

Anuria no urine output
Oliguria low urine output <300
Polyuria high urine output >2000 mg
Dysuria painful urinating

Question 13

What are the most common bacteria infection in children

Answer 13

Pylelonephritis renal pelvis infection
Cystitis bladder wall infection

Question 14

Are uncircumcised males at higher risk for utis then circumcised true or false

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is proteinuria

Answer 15

Proteins in urine
100-1000 mg = post streptococcus glomerulononephritis ig A nephropathy alport disease
>1000 mg = minimal change disease

Question 16

What is renal Ed ema

Answer 16

Always bilateral

Question 17

Hematuria

Answer 17

> 5 RBCS in urine microscopic
Blood in urine macroscopic

Question 18

Herdiatery disease causing heamturia is

Answer 18

Alport disease

Question 19

Recurrent macroscopic hematuria in schildren is

Answer 19

IgA nephropathy

Question 20

The most common cause of microscopic hematuria

Answer 20

Acute bacterial urinary tract infections

Question 21

The most common cause of recurrent gross hematuria

Answer 21

Berger disease iga nephropathy

Question 22

What is brick red diaper syndrome

Answer 22

Benign
Self limited
Increase in Uric acid crystals in urine
Subtle dehydration

Question 23

Brown cola tea colored
RBC casts
Moderate proteinuria
In the urine what’s is it related to

Answer 23

Upper urinary tract sources of hematuria
In the nephron
It’s in the glomerulus tubular system or interstiium

Question 24

Bright red pink boos in urine
Normal RBC
NO proteinuria on dipstick

Answer 24

Lower urinary tract hematuria
Originate in the pelvocaliceal system
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra

Question 25

Recent upper respiratory infection

Answer 25

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis HSP henioch schonlen purpura

Question 26

Frequent dysuria and fever

Answer 26

Uti

Question 27

Git infection

Question 28

Git inf

Answer 28

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 29

Rash and joint complaints

Answer 29

HSP SLE SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS NEPHRITIS

Question 30

What’ are symptoms for glomerulonephritis

Answer 30

Colored urine tea or cola Oliguria Perorbital body edema Hypertension

Question 31

Alport syndrome

Answer 31

Ant lenticonus Peeing of blood Ototoxicity Renal failure Thickining of GBM

Question 32

APSGN Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis 

Answer 32

Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction Infiltration of the leukocytes Proliferation of mesegial cells in GFR Renal failure Acid base imbalance Electrolyte abnormal Edema HPT

Question 33

Is A beta hemolytic streptococcal inf common before the age of 3 years

Answer 33

No

Question 34

How to confirm its APSGN

Answer 34

HPT EDEMA Increase urea and creatinine C3 serum reduced

Question 35

Types of proteinuria

Answer 35

1)transient= fever exercise dehydration 2) orthostatic= persistent proteinuria in school age 3) pathological proteinuria

Question 36

What are pathological proteinuria

Answer 36

Glomerular defects in permeability of glo filteration Tubular incomplete tubular reabsoprtion pf proteins

Question 37

Is major protein albumin detected on glomerular or tubular

Answer 37

Glomerular

Question 38

Glomerular proteinuria triad Nepthrotic syndrome

Answer 38

Nephrotic syndrome 1= hypoalbuminemia <2.5. Normal 3.5-5.5 2=edema 3= hyperlipidemia >200 mg

Question 39

Which protein causes congenital nepthrotic syndrome of the Finnish type CNF

Answer 39

NPHS1 NEPHRIN

Question 40

Which gene causes isolated DMS DENys- drash syndrome

Answer 40

WT1

Question 41

How to confirm a nephrotic syndrome

Answer 41

Urine protein level > 3.5 Low serum albumin <2.5 High cholesterol

Question 42

85% of cases of nephrotic syndrome in children is

Answer 42

Minimal change NS

Question 43

WHAT ABOUT MCNS IS TRUE Common in males then females Appears at the age 2-6 years

Answer 43

Both true

Question 44

MCNS FACTORS

Answer 44

Hyperlipidemia Increase susceptibility to infection Hypercoagulability

Question 45

What causesINS

Answer 45

80% MCNS Secondary Hepatitis B. C

Question 46

Causes of congenital NS

Answer 46

FINISH TYPE NEPHRIN DENY DRASH WT1

Question 47

What is AKI

Answer 47

Sudden loss of renal function with a rise in creatinine and BUN Decreased renal perfusion

Question 48

Critical importance of aki

Answer 48

Volume status Blood electrolyte status blood ph analysis

Question 49

Urinary indices in prerenal aki

Answer 49

Urine osmality >400 Urine Na <20 Urine gravity >1020

Question 50

Renal aki indices

Answer 50

Mosom <350 Urine Na >30 Urine gravity <1010

Question 51

A diagnose of aki is based on

Answer 51

Increase in creatinine and decrease in urine output