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3rd Year > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Ureteral pain

A

Acute obstruction
Back pain from the renal capsular distention combined with severe colicky pain that radiates from the costovertebra, and,e down toward the lower anterior abdominal quadrant

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2
Q

Upper ureter stone

A

Radiation in testicle

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3
Q

Mid ureter stone right

A

Radiation to the mc burneys point

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4
Q

Mid ureter stone in the left

A

Radiation to the left lower quadrant

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5
Q

Distal ureter stone causes

A

Lower urinary tract stones

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6
Q

Varicocele

A

Dull testicular pain increased after heavy excecise first symptom of an indirect inguinal

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7
Q

Continues incontinence

A

An ectopic ureter that enters urethra or female genitalia, tract

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8
Q

Stress incontinence

A

Sudden leakage of urine in coughing sneezing or excercise

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9
Q

Urgency incontinence

A

Loss of urine by a strong urge cyctitis

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10
Q

Paradoxical incontinence

A

Urine dribbles out in small amounts

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11
Q

Enuresis nocturna

A

Occurs during sleep up to 3 years old children
All children other than 5 years of and 1% at age 15

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12
Q

URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION

A

Mechanical or functional blockage that inhibits the outflow of urine

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13
Q

What is hydronephrosis

A

Dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces

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14
Q

Types of the Antenatal hydrobeohrosis

A

Transient hydroneohrosis 40~50%
UPJo
Vesicoureteral reflux
Megaureter
PUV

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15
Q

UTEROPELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION

A

The junction between the ureter and pelvic is narrowed with a palpable abdominal mass to hydroneohrosis in neonates or large amount of diursis in older children

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16
Q

IntiAl evaluation of UTO

A

CBC
BMP
URINALYSIS

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17
Q

Imaging of UTO

A

USG
MAG3

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18
Q

MAG 3 scintigraphy

A

Dosage
Timing of furosemide
Hydration fo the patient
Bladder empty

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19
Q

UVJO MEGAURETER

A

Dilation of the ureteral lumen
Distal ureterak diameter >7mm
Normal balder outlet

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20
Q

Post urethral valves

A

Membranous folds within the urethra obstruct the outflow of urine a developmental condition
Dilation of the ureteral lumen

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21
Q

Common complication of PUV

A

Vesicouretral reflux
Recurrent Uti
Bladder dysfunction

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22
Q

Diagnosis for PUV

A

> 24 th gestational week
Keyhole sign
Increased bladder thickness
Bilateral or unilateral HN
OLIGOHYDROAMNIOSIS

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23
Q

UTO COMMON ETIOLOGIES

A

Congenital anamolie. = PUV
YOUNG CHILDREN NEPHROLITIASIS
OLDER ADULTS prostatic enlargement BPH

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24
Q

Ureterocele

A

Cystic dilation of the distal ureter at the bladder level
1 year male
Recurrent uti
Bilateral HN
SERIAL US DEMONSATRTE INCREASED HN BILAT

25
Q

Bacteiriuria

A

Bacteria in urine

26
Q

Pyuria

A

Presence of WBCS in the urine
Infection and inflammation in the urothelium

27
Q

Uncomplicated UTI

A

Normal urinary tract
Majority are women
Healthy patient
Acute pyelonephritis
Recurrent bacterial cystitis

28
Q

Complicated uti

A

Men majority
Abnormal urine
Bacteria maybe have increased virulence

29
Q

Golden standard for uti

A

Quantitative culture of urine

30
Q

Acute pyleonephritis

A

Infection of the renal pelvis and paracnhyma bacterial infection of the bladder
Flank pain
Costovertebra, angle
Fever
Pyuria and bacteria

31
Q

Symptoms of Acute cyctitis

A

Suprapubic oain
Dysuria
Frequency
Urgency

32
Q

Acute cystitis

A

Infection the bladder
More common in women

33
Q

Acute bacterial prostatitis

A

Inflammation of the prostate
Third most coo in men older then 50 yrs
Fever perineal pain
Myalgia
E. Coli is the most common cause

34
Q

Urethritis

A

Urethral inflammation from infections
Dysuria
Urethra pruritus
Urethral discharge

35
Q

Epididymitis

A

Sexually active men < 36 years
Inflammatory hydrocele and palpable swelling of the epididymis
Unilateral he is royal pain and tenderness

36
Q

Most frequently seen benign renal lesion

A

Renal cysts

37
Q

Renal cysts

A

Male
HT
Renal failure
70% asymtomatic

38
Q

Most common cause of perirenal hemorrhage among renal masses 25%

A

Angiomyolipoma

39
Q

Most frequent solid lesion

A

Renal cell carcinoma

40
Q

RCC

A

90% renal malignancies
60-70 years of age
Comprises 2-3% of all cancers

41
Q

RCC ETIOLOGY

A

Smoking
Obesity
Hypertension

42
Q

What are the familia RCC SYNDROMES

A

Von hippel lindue
Hereditary papillary rcc
Familial leiomyomztosis
Birt Hogg dube

43
Q

What’ is important for good prognosis

A

Fuhrman grading
Size Ashley and nucleiolar feature

44
Q

Pathological subtypes RCC

A

Clear cell RCC 80%-90%
Papillary RCC 10-15%
Chromiphobe RCC 3%-5

45
Q

Diagnosis

A

Palpable abdominal mass
Palpable cervical LAP
NON DAIRNALBLE RIGHT SIDED VARICocele and lower extremity edema

46
Q

Wilms tumor

A

Childhood tumor
Comprises 10% of all childhood malignancies
Rare in Adults
Most diagnosed at the age 3,5 yrs

47
Q

Urothiliasis

A

Formation of urinary calculi
Renal bladder and urethral
Common types are calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate

48
Q

Urinary stones are most commonly composed of

A

Calcium oxalate

49
Q

Les common stones

A

Uric acid
Struvite
Calcium phosphate
Cystine

50
Q

Risk factors for stone formation

A

Low fluid intake
High sodium
High purine
Low potassium diets raise ca Uric acid and oxalate which lead to stone formation

51
Q

Which patients have 70% Chances of stones

A

RTA TYPE 1
Urine acidification

52
Q

Diagnosis of urotheliais

A

CT ABDOMEN AND PELVIS WITHOUT CONTRAST

53
Q

Presentation of stones

A

Flank pain
Hematuria
Recurrent UTI
INFECTIVE COMPLICTAION FEVER
Vomiting

54
Q

Which drug is contraindicated in the colic pain

A

Pethidine

55
Q

Shock wave lithotripsy contraindications

A

Pregnancy
Bleeding diathesis
Untreated uti
Morbid obesity
Arterial aneurism
Severe musculoskeletal malformations

56
Q

Types of renal abscess’s

A

Perinephric ruptures out into the perineohric space
Paraneohric extends beyond the gerotas fascia
Renal abscess from heamatigenkus spread of staphylococci from infected skin lesion

57
Q

What is a pynoneohrosis

A

Air- fluid levels in a dilated pelvicalceyal system
Pis filled kidney
Percutaneous nephrostomy tube is preferable for the drainage of the infected portion

58
Q

How long does the uncomplicated cases take for medical treatment and complicated cases

A

Uncomplicated cases 6 months
Complicated cases 9-12 months

59
Q

TYPES OF STIS

A

Urethitis and Cervictis
Epididymitis
Genitalia ulcers
HOV
HIV

3rd Year (7 decks)

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